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--- garcinia_kola_heckel [2016/01/21 12:27] – andreas
+++ garcinia_kola_heckel [2016/01/21 13:10] (aktuell) – andreas
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 Garcinia kola Heckel - Clusiaceae - bitter kola, false cola, **Bitterkola**, Falsche Kola
-Evergreen monoecious tree, about 12m high; native to the rain forests of West Africa (Cameroon to Angola); leaves opposite, simple, elliptic, 5-10cm long; female flowers yellow, fleshy, globose; fruits orange, smooth, elliptically shaped (to 6cm in diam.), pulp yellow-orange; seeds 2-4, brown. The seeds are traded as 'false cola nuts', they own an aromatic bitter taste. Phytochemical components include triterpenes like [[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cycloartenol|cycloarterenol]] and 24-methyl cycloarterenol, xanthone derivatives and [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1453661.html|kolanone]].\\
+Evergreen monoecious tree, about 12m high; native to the rain forests of West Africa (Cameroon to Angola); leaves opposite, simple, elliptic, 5-10cm long; female flowers yellow, fleshy, globose; fruits orange, smooth, elliptically shaped (to 6cm in diam.), pulp yellow-orange; seeds 2-4, brown. The seeds are traded as 'false cola nuts', they own an aromatic bitter taste. Phytochemical components include triterpenes like [[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cycloartenol|cycloarterenol]] and 24-methyl cycloarterenol, xanthone derivatives and [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1453661.html|kolanone]]. Seeds and preparations thereof are used in African folk medicine to treat headache, cold, colic and diseases of ĺiver and bladder. \\
 [Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Springer 2010]
-"The fruit, seeds, nuts and bark of the plant have been used for centuries in folk medicine to treat ailments from coughs to fever." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garcinia_kola]]
 The major components of the volatiles isolated by distillation-extraction from an oleoresin from a commercial sample of seeds of G.kola grown in Nigeria were 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one (16%), (E,E)-farnesol (14%), 5-ethenyldihydro-5-methylfuran-2-one (=lavender lactone, 12%) and linalool (11%). \\
 [Lavender lactone and other volatile constituents of the oleoresin of Garcinia kola seeds., Onayade, O.A., Scheffer, J.J.C., Baerheim Svendsen, A., Gbile, Z.O., Pl. Med, 57, 1991, A86-A87]
+"Medicinal uses include purgative, antiparasitic, antimicrobial. The seeds are used in the treatment of bronchitis and throat infections. They are also used to prevent and relieve colic, cure head or chest colds and relieve cough. Also the plant is used for the treatment of liver disorders and as a chewing stick." \\
+[New antimicrobials of plant origin. Perspectives on new crops and new uses., Iwu, M.W., Duncan, A.R., Okunji, C.O., ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA, 1999, 457-462] [[https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1999/pdf/v4-457.pdf]]
 "Kolaviron is a fraction of the defatted ethanol extract, containing Garcinia biflavonoids GB1, GB2, and kolaflavanone. Several studies have demonstrated the protective effects of kolaviron against hepatotoxicity