| Beide Seiten der vorigen RevisionVorhergehende ÜberarbeitungNächste Überarbeitung | Vorhergehende Überarbeitung |
| freesia_spec [2016/12/19 09:35] – andreas | freesia_spec [2022/05/29 11:25] (aktuell) – andreas |
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| [[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00021369.1984.10866599]] | [[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00021369.1984.10866599]] |
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| | {{:linalool.jpg| linalool}} \\ linalool | {{:terpineol_alpha.jpg| α-terpineol}} \\ α-terpineol | | Main components of the headspace of living Freesia flowers were linalool (78.0%), 4-oxo-β-ionone (5.4%), α-terpineol (4.0%), dihydro-β-ionone (3.7%), β-ionone (3.0%), 4-oxo-β-ionol (2.2%), the linalool oxides (1.0%), 3-hexenyl butyrate (0.2%), nerol/geraniol (0.2%), and β-cyclocitral (0.1%). \\ |
| | [Mookherjee BD et al., „Fruits and Flowers: Live vs Dead - Which do we want?“, in: Nishimura, O. „Flavors and Fragrances, a world perspective.“ Proceedings of the 10th international congress of essential oils, fragrances and flavors, Washington, DC. Vol. 375. 1986, 415-424] |
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| | | {{:linalool.jpg| linalool}} \\ linalool | {{:terpineol_alpha.jpg| α-terpineol}} \\ α-terpineol |{{:ionone_beta.jpg| β-ionone}} \\ β-ionone |{{:dihydroionone_beta.jpg| dihydro-β-ionone}} \\ dihydro-β-ionone | |
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| "Yellow-flowered cultivars such as ‘Gold Flame’, ‘Rijnveld’s Golden Yellow’ and ‘Aladdin’ emitted volatile compounds [collected by dynamic headspace analysis] abundantly, while ‘Rose Marie’, ‘Blue Heaven’ and ‘Volcano’ showed hardly any emission. A total of 16 volatile compounds were identified. Linalool, which accounted for at least one third of the total peak area, was the dominant volatile compound common to the species and cultivars other than F. caryophyllacea, F. refracta and ‘Evita’. Freesia species and cultivars were separated into three groups based on the composition of these volatile compounds. In Group I linalool was the dominant volatile compound. This group was further separated into three subgroups; In Subgroup I-i, which included three species (F. alba, F. corymbosa and F. elimensis), and six cultivars, fragrance was dominated by only linalool. In Subgroup I-ii, which included two species (F. fergusoniae and F. leichtlinii) and five cultivars, flowers had sweet fragrance comprised mainly of linalool and some other related monoterpenoids. In Subgroup I-iii, which included two cultivars, fragrance was characterized by limonene, ocimene and α-terpinolene, as well as linalool. In Group II, fragrance was dominated by linalool, 2-phenylethyl acetate and benzyl alcohol, and this group included F. occidentalis and ‘Rose Marie’. In Group III, which included F. caryophyllacea and ‘Evita’, fragrance was dominated by terpinolene. ‘Gold Flame’, F. sparrmannii and F. refracta were outgroups having a characteristic scent." \\ | "Yellow-flowered cultivars such as ‘Gold Flame’, ‘Rijnveld’s Golden Yellow’ and ‘Aladdin’ emitted volatile compounds [collected by dynamic headspace analysis] abundantly, while ‘Rose Marie’, ‘Blue Heaven’ and ‘Volcano’ showed hardly any emission. A total of 16 volatile compounds were identified. Linalool, which accounted for at least one third of the total peak area, was the dominant volatile compound common to the species and cultivars other than F. caryophyllacea, F. refracta and ‘Evita’. Freesia species and cultivars were separated into three groups based on the composition of these volatile compounds. In Group I linalool was the dominant volatile compound. This group was further separated into three subgroups; In Subgroup I-i, which included three species (F. alba, F. corymbosa and F. elimensis), and six cultivars, fragrance was dominated by only linalool. In Subgroup I-ii, which included two species (F. fergusoniae and F. leichtlinii) and five cultivars, flowers had sweet fragrance comprised mainly of linalool and some other related monoterpenoids. In Subgroup I-iii, which included two cultivars, fragrance was characterized by limonene, ocimene and α-terpinolene, as well as linalool. In Group II, fragrance was dominated by linalool, 2-phenylethyl acetate and benzyl alcohol, and this group included F. occidentalis and ‘Rose Marie’. In Group III, which included F. caryophyllacea and ‘Evita’, fragrance was dominated by terpinolene. ‘Gold Flame’, F. sparrmannii and F. refracta were outgroups having a characteristic scent." \\ |
| [Contribution to knowledge the volatile oil from Freesia× hybrida lowers," Yvonne" and" Versailles" variety., Dulgheru, C., Burzo, I., Lucrări Ştiinţifice-Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agronomice şi Medicină Veterinară Bucureşti. Seria B, Horticultură, Vol.(55), 2011, 628-631] | [Contribution to knowledge the volatile oil from Freesia× hybrida lowers," Yvonne" and" Versailles" variety., Dulgheru, C., Burzo, I., Lucrări Ştiinţifice-Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agronomice şi Medicină Veterinară Bucureşti. Seria B, Horticultură, Vol.(55), 2011, 628-631] |
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| The scent of Freesia cultivars as most successful ornamentals of the flower trade is dominated by linalool, α-terpineol, β-ionone, and dihydro-β-ionone. These compounds are common and widespread in flowering plants, emphasizing the importance of particular combinations of compounds in producing distinct scent accords. The strong ionone-floral scent of yellow-flowered Freesia is generated by β-ionone and dihydro-β-ionone, blended with the typical piney-floral α-terpineol or the floral-woody note of linalool. F.refracta and F.viridis deviate significantly from this accord with their deep rosy-floral scent due to citronellol, nerol, geraniol, and the lemony shade of citral. \\ | The scent of Freesia cultivars as most successful ornamentals of the flower trade is dominated by linalool, α-terpineol, β-ionone, and dihydro-β-ionone. These compounds are common and widespread in flowering plants, emphasizing the importance of particular combinations of compounds in producing distinct scent accords. The strong ionone-floral scent of yellow-flowered Freesia is generated by β-ionone and dihydro-β-ionone, blended with the typical piney-floral α-terpineol or the floral-woody note of linalool. F.refracta and F.viridis deviate significantly from this accords with their deep rosy-floral scent due to citronellol, nerol, geraniol, and the lemony shade of citral. The mild floral-woody scent of F.andersoniae and F.corymbosa is typical due to high levels of linalool (92.0%/66.5%). \\ |
| [Scent of a vanishing flora, Roman Kaiser, 2011, 117-125 (including GC fig.), 358-362 (GC tab.)] | [Scent of a vanishing flora, Roman Kaiser, 2011, 117-125 (including GC fig.), 358-362 (GC tab.)] |
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| [[http://www.plantillustrations.org/species.php?id_species=444599]] | [[http://www.plantillustrations.org/species.php?id_species=444599]] |
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| {{:freesia_specn.jpg?800}} \\ | {{:freesia_specn.jpg}} \\ |
| Freesia flowers, Author: Andreas Kraska, [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]] | Freesia flowers, Author: Andreas Kraska, [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]] |
