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ferula_gummosa_boiss [2017/07/04 08:26] – andreasferula_gummosa_boiss [2025/11/29 10:55] (aktuell) – andreas
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 Native perennial plant of western Asia (Iran). Native perennial plant of western Asia (Iran).
  
-"Galbanum is an aromatic gum resin, the product of certain umbelliferous Persian plant species, chiefly Ferula gummosa (synonym F. galbaniflua) and Ferula rubricaulis. Galbanum-yielding plants grow plentifully on the slopes of the mountain ranges of northern Iran." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galbanum]]+"Galbanum is an aromatic gum resin, the product of certain umbelliferous Persian plant species, chiefly Ferula gummosa (synonym F. galbaniflua) and Ferula rubricaulis. Galbanum-yielding plants grow plentifully on the slopes of the mountain ranges of northern Iran." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galbanum|wikipedia]]
  
 2-Methoxy-3-isobutyl pyrazine (with its green bell-pepper like odor) was discovered in galbanum oil. \\ 2-Methoxy-3-isobutyl pyrazine (with its green bell-pepper like odor) was discovered in galbanum oil. \\
 [Characterisation of pyrazines in galbanum oil., Bramwell, A.F., Burrell, J.W.K., Riezebos, G., Tetrahedron Letters, 10(37), 3215-3216, 1969] [Characterisation of pyrazines in galbanum oil., Bramwell, A.F., Burrell, J.W.K., Riezebos, G., Tetrahedron Letters, 10(37), 3215-3216, 1969]
 +
 +A series of powerful smelling thio-esters like S-sec-butyl-3-methylbutanethioate, S-sec-butyl-3-methylbut-2-enethioate, S-iso-propyl-3-methylbutanethioate, and S-iso-propyl-3-methylbut-2-enethioate were found in galbanum. \\
 +[Burrell, J. W. K., et al. "Characterisation of thiol esters in galbanum oil." Tetrahedron Letters 12.30 (1971): 2837-2838]
  
 "The earth is removed around the hypocotyl to gain access to the rhizome. The rhizome is traditionally incised on a length of 3-5 cm with a special iron cutting tool locally forged. Within a few minutes, droplets of a "The earth is removed around the hypocotyl to gain access to the rhizome. The rhizome is traditionally incised on a length of 3-5 cm with a special iron cutting tool locally forged. Within a few minutes, droplets of a
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 [Ferula gummosa: Phytochemical variability in Iran. Michael Thomsen, Mathias Schmidt , Georges Betti, Hervé Casabianca, Reza Omidbai. Poster from the International Congress on Natural Products Research, Phoenix (USA), July 31 - August 4, 2004] {{:posterferulagumosa.pdf|}} \\ [Ferula gummosa: Phytochemical variability in Iran. Michael Thomsen, Mathias Schmidt , Georges Betti, Hervé Casabianca, Reza Omidbai. Poster from the International Congress on Natural Products Research, Phoenix (USA), July 31 - August 4, 2004] {{:posterferulagumosa.pdf|}} \\
  
-{{:3e5zundecatrien.jpg}} (E,Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene (intense galbanum odor)+{{:3e5zundecatrien.jpg}} (E,Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene = (3E,5Z)-galbanolene (intense green galbanum odor)
  
 "A total of 22 components have been identified in the (essential) oil, representing 97.1% of the total oil. The main group was monoterpene hydrocarbons (88.4%) including sabinene (40.1%), α-pinene (14.3%), and β-pinene (14.1%). Moreover the other main components of this oil were p-cymene (8.5%) and α-thujene (8.1%). The oil contained a lower percentage of limonene (2.2%), terpinene-4-ol (1.5%), myrtenal (1.3%) and γ-terpinene (1.1%)." \\ "A total of 22 components have been identified in the (essential) oil, representing 97.1% of the total oil. The main group was monoterpene hydrocarbons (88.4%) including sabinene (40.1%), α-pinene (14.3%), and β-pinene (14.1%). Moreover the other main components of this oil were p-cymene (8.5%) and α-thujene (8.1%). The oil contained a lower percentage of limonene (2.2%), terpinene-4-ol (1.5%), myrtenal (1.3%) and γ-terpinene (1.1%)." \\
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 "Galbanum oil is composed of monoterpenes in large amounts and pyrazines in small amounts. Although the monoterpenes are the main components of galbanum oil, they hardly contribute to the distinct galbanum aroma. The scanty amounts of pyrazines, in contrast, contribute significantly to the aroma. Considering the complexity and potency of the odor, the essential oil was assumed to contain so far not identified compounds with high odor contribution. By the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) analysis of galbanum oil, fruity-green-balsamic notes were detected at two different retention times. The mass spectra (MS) of the newly discovered notes were elucidated by conducting multidimensional (MD) GC-MS-O. By analyzing the MS data, six chemical structures were proposed: (6E/Z,8E)-undeca-6,8,10-trien-2-one, (6E/Z,8E)-undeca-6,8,10-trien-3-one, and (6E/Z,8E)-undeca-6,8,10-trien-4-one. The compounds were then synthesized in an attempt to match the MS, retention indices (RI), and odor qualities. The MD-GC-MS-O analyses of the candidate compounds led to the identification of the novel key aroma compounds (6Z,8E)-undeca-6,8,10-trien-3-one and (6Z,8E)-undeca-6,8,10-trien-4-one in galbanum oil." \\ "Galbanum oil is composed of monoterpenes in large amounts and pyrazines in small amounts. Although the monoterpenes are the main components of galbanum oil, they hardly contribute to the distinct galbanum aroma. The scanty amounts of pyrazines, in contrast, contribute significantly to the aroma. Considering the complexity and potency of the odor, the essential oil was assumed to contain so far not identified compounds with high odor contribution. By the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) analysis of galbanum oil, fruity-green-balsamic notes were detected at two different retention times. The mass spectra (MS) of the newly discovered notes were elucidated by conducting multidimensional (MD) GC-MS-O. By analyzing the MS data, six chemical structures were proposed: (6E/Z,8E)-undeca-6,8,10-trien-2-one, (6E/Z,8E)-undeca-6,8,10-trien-3-one, and (6E/Z,8E)-undeca-6,8,10-trien-4-one. The compounds were then synthesized in an attempt to match the MS, retention indices (RI), and odor qualities. The MD-GC-MS-O analyses of the candidate compounds led to the identification of the novel key aroma compounds (6Z,8E)-undeca-6,8,10-trien-3-one and (6Z,8E)-undeca-6,8,10-trien-4-one in galbanum oil." \\
  
-| {{:undeca-6_8_10-trien-3-one_6z8e.jpg|}} \\ (6Z,8E)-Undeca-6,8,10-trien-3-one \\ ([[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1603311.html|yuzunone]]) | {{:undeca-6_8_10-trien-4-one_6z8e.jpg|}} \\ (6Z,8E)-Undeca-6,8,10-trien-4-one |+| {{:undeca-6_8_10-trien-3-one_6z8e.jpg|}} \\ (6Z,8E)-Undeca-6,8,10-trien-3-one \\ ([[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1603311.html|yuzunone]]) | {{:undeca-6_8_10-trien-4-one_6z8e.jpg|}} \\ (6Z,8E)-Undeca-6,8,10-trien-4-one | {{:2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine.jpg|}} \\ 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine |
  
 (6Z,8E)-Undeca-6,8,10-trien-3-one and (6Z,8E)-undeca-6,8,10-trien-4-one have fairly low thresholds in water of 0.010 ppb and 0.072 ppb respectively. These compounds are key aroma compounds (fruity green balsamic) in galbanum oil. \\ (6Z,8E)-Undeca-6,8,10-trien-3-one and (6Z,8E)-undeca-6,8,10-trien-4-one have fairly low thresholds in water of 0.010 ppb and 0.072 ppb respectively. These compounds are key aroma compounds (fruity green balsamic) in galbanum oil. \\
-[Novel key aroma components of galbanum oil., Miyazawa, N., Nakanishi, A., Tomita, N., Ohkubo, Y., Maeda, T., Fujita, A., Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Vol.57(4), 2009, 1433-1439] [[https://home.zhaw.ch/~yere/pdf/Teil106%20-%20Expression%20of%20Multidisciplinary.pdf]]+[Novel key aroma components of galbanum oil., Miyazawa, N., Nakanishi, A., Tomita, N., Ohkubo, Y., Maeda, T., Fujita, A., Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Vol.57(4), 2009, 1433-1439] [[https://home.zhaw.ch/~yere/pdf/Teil106%20-%20Expression%20of%20Multidisciplinary.pdf|PDF]]
  
 "The chemical composition of oleo-gum-resin from Ferula gummosa collected in the northern part of Iran has been studied. The fraction of oleo-gum-resin soluble in ethanol (ca 67 wt.%) is composed by three major fractions: (i) monoterpenes and monoterpenoids (ca 15 wt.% fraction), (ii) sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoids (ca 30 wt.%) and (iii) triterpenes and triterpenoids (ca 55 wt.%)... Almost 25 wt.% of oleo-gum-resin was insoluble in ethanol and, according to wet chemistry analyses, assigned to arabinogalactane structurally associated with protein complex (AGP)." \\ "The chemical composition of oleo-gum-resin from Ferula gummosa collected in the northern part of Iran has been studied. The fraction of oleo-gum-resin soluble in ethanol (ca 67 wt.%) is composed by three major fractions: (i) monoterpenes and monoterpenoids (ca 15 wt.% fraction), (ii) sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoids (ca 30 wt.%) and (iii) triterpenes and triterpenoids (ca 55 wt.%)... Almost 25 wt.% of oleo-gum-resin was insoluble in ethanol and, according to wet chemistry analyses, assigned to arabinogalactane structurally associated with protein complex (AGP)." \\
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 [Scent and Chemistry, Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, Philip Kraft, Wiley-VCH, 2012, 307-309]  [Scent and Chemistry, Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, Philip Kraft, Wiley-VCH, 2012, 307-309] 
  
-{{:ferula_gummosa.jpg?500}} \\ +{{:ferula_gummosa.jpg?700}} \\ 
-Ferula gummosa as Ferula galbaniflua \\ +Ferula gummosa as Ferula galbaniflua, Köhler, F.E., Medizinal Pflanzen, vol.2 t.153 (1890) [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=432398|plantgenera.org]] 
-Köhler, F.E., Medizinal Pflanzen, vol.2 t.153 (1890) \\ + 
-[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=432398]]+ 
 +{{:ferula_gum.jpg?700|Ferula gummosa}} \\  
 +Ferula gummosa, Iran (2023) © fanida [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]] [[https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon_id=551959|inaturalist.org]]  
 + 
ferula_gummosa_boiss.1499156819.txt.gz · Zuletzt geändert: 2017/07/04 08:26 von andreas
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