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--- boswellia_carteri_birdw [2017/10/13 07:59] – andreas
+++ boswellia_carteri_birdw [2026/01/22 08:46] (aktuell) – andreas
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 Small tree, native to Somalia. The dried resin (Frankincense) is used in incense, perfumes, and medicinally.
+"In evolutionary history, the B. carteri diverged around 4.2 million years ago (mya), while B. sacra and B. serrata separated by approximately 7.0 mya. The phylogenomic analysis supported the distinction between B. carteri and B. sacra, challenging prior claims that these are synonymous." \\
+[Asaf, Sajjad, et al. "Plastome structure, evolution and diversity of Frankincense-producing Boswellia genus." Functional & Integrative Genomics 25.1 (2025): 172]
 Major components of the pale yellow essential oil of Boswellia carteri resin (hydrodistilled) were (+)-α-thujene (1.7%), (-)-α-pinene (10.9%), camphene (1.0%), sabinene (0.7%), β-pinene (0.7%), myrcene (0.5%), hexyl acetate (0.3%), p-cymene (1.4%), Z-β-ocimene (0.4%), E-β-ocimene (1.7%), (-)-limonene (1.5%), 1,8-cineole (1.2%), 1-octanol (11.9%), (-)-linalool (2.1%), α-pinene epoxide (0.5%), trans-verbenol (0.4%), terpinene-4-ol (0.4%), octyl acetate (39.3%), (-)-bornyl acetate (2.2%), geranyl acetate (0.4%), E-nerolidol (0.2%), cembrene A (2.1%), cembrene C (0.1%), verticilla-4(20),7,11-triene (6.0%), incensole (1.0%) and incensole acetate (2.3%). \\
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 From the resin of B.carteri, two nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitors were isolated, incensole acetate (IA) and its nonacetylated form, incensole (IN). "IA inhibited TAK/TAB-mediated IκB kinase (IKK) activation loop phosphorylation, resulting in the inhibition of cytokine and lipopolysaccharide-mediated NF-κB activation. It had no effect on IKK activity in vitro, and it did not suppress IκBα phosphorylation in costimulated T-cells, indicating that the kinase inhibition is neither direct nor does it affect all NF-κB activation pathways. The inhibitory effect seems specific; IA did not interfere with TNFα-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. IA treatment had a robust anti-inflammatory effect in a mouse inflamed paw model. Cembrenoid diterpenoids, specifically IA and its derivatives, may thus constitute a potential novel group of NF-κB inhibitors, originating from an ancient anti-inflammatory herbal remedy." \\
 [Incensole acetate, a novel anti-inflammatory compound isolated from Boswellia resin, inhibits nuclear factor-κB activation., Moussaieff, A., Shohami, E., Kashman, Y., Fride, E., Schmitz, M.L., Renner, F., Mechoulam, R., Molecular pharmacology, 72(6), 2007, 1657-1664] [[http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/72/6/1657.full]]
 {{:boswellia_carterii.jpg|}} \\
 Boswellia carteri Birdw., Köhler, F.E., Medizinal Pflanzen, vol.2, t.175 (1890)