Unterschiede

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--- arnica_montana_l [2016/10/01 16:06] – andreas
+++ arnica_montana_l [2016/10/02 06:42] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 3: / Zeile 3: @@
 Upright rhizomatous perennial, up to 50cm high, native to Europe, also cultivated; stem simple, pubescent; basal rosette of ovate, hairy leaves; the stem bears only 1-2 pairs of smaller leaves; terminal flowerheads up to 6cm across, with golden-yellow three-toothed rays.
-The flowers contain bitter sesquiterpene lactones (0.3-1.0%), consisting mainly of esters of helenalin and 11,13-dihydrohelenalin with short-chain fatty acids such as acetic, isobutyric, isovaleric, methacrylic and
-tiglic acids. Two chemotypes are distinguished: The helenalin type is native to Central Europe and the dihydrohelenalin type (which contains only traces of helenalin) is native to Spain. Essential oil (0.2-0.35%) present consists mainly (40-50%) of fatty acids. \\
-[Wichtl, Max. Teedrogen, Teedrogen und Phytopharmaka, Stuttgart 1989, 65-69]
-| {{:helenalin.jpg|helenalin}} \\ helenalin (R=OH) | {{dihydrohelenalin.jpg| 11,13-dihydrohelenalin }} \\ 11,13-dihydrohelenalin (R=OH) |
 Flower heads (Arnicae flos), and tinctures, volatile oil, extracts (CO2 eg.) thereof are traditionally used to treat bruises, haematomas, sprains, burns (including sunburnes), diaper rashes. Externally applied as anti-inflammatory, wound-healing ointment, liniment or mouth wash (not to be ingested). Internal use may cause abortion, allergic reactions, contact with eyes and open wounds should be avoided. \\
@@ Zeile 14: / Zeile 8: @@
 [Medicinal Plants of the World. Ben-Erik Van Wyk and Michael Wink, Pretoria 2004, 53]
-A standardised Arnica montana flower (origin Spain, Romania) CO2-extract is produced with helenalin and dihydrohelenalin ~0.1%, helenalin and dihydrohelenalin esters 4%, triterpenediol esters 2.0-4.5%, essential oil 0.2-0.4%. \\
+| {{:helenalin.jpg|helenalin}} \\ helenalin (R=OH) | {{dihydrohelenalin.jpg| 11,13-dihydrohelenalin }} \\ 11,13-dihydrohelenalin (R=OH) |
+A standardised Arnica montana flower (origin Spain, Romania) CO2-extract is produced with helenalin and dihydrohelenalin ~0.1%, helenalin and dihydrohelenalin esters 4%, triterpenediol esters 2.0-4.5%, essential oil 0.2-0.4%. \\
+[Arnica CO2-Extract - Approved Efficacy in Topical Treatment, May P., Cosmetic Science and Technology, 2013]
 [[http://www.flavex.com/fileadmin/flavex.de/user_upload/Veroeffentlichungen/Arnica_Flower_CO2-Extract_-_Approved_Efficacy_in_Topical_Treatment.pdf]]
+The flowers contain bitter sesquiterpene lactones (0.3-1.0%), consisting mainly of esters of helenalin and 11,13-dihydrohelenalin with short-chain fatty acids such as acetic, isobutyric, isovaleric, methacrylic and
+tiglic acids. Two chemotypes are distinguished: The helenalin type is native to Central Europe and the dihydrohelenalin type (which contains only traces of helenalin) is native to Spain. Essential oil (0.2-0.35%) present consists mainly (40-50%) of fatty acids. \\
+[Wolfgang Blaschek ed., Wichtl - Teedrogen und Phytopharmaka: Ein Handbuch für die Praxis, 2015, 89-93]