| Beide Seiten der vorigen RevisionVorhergehende ÜberarbeitungNächste Überarbeitung | Vorhergehende Überarbeitung |
| aquilaria_malaccensis_lam [2025/02/20 08:24] – andreas | aquilaria_malaccensis_lam [2026/02/12 10:05] (aktuell) – andreas |
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| Evergreen tree, up to 40m high, native to south and Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Indonesia to India); stem up to 60cm in diameter; bark white, smooth, young twigs pale brown; leaves elliptic to lanceolate, 7.5-12cm long and 2.5-5.5cm broad; inflorescences compound, terminal and axillary; flowers petioled, bell-shaped, 5-6mm long, green to greenish-yellow; fruit obovate, 3-4cm long and 2.5cm broad. | Evergreen tree, up to 40m high, native to south and Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Indonesia to India); stem up to 60cm in diameter; bark white, smooth, young twigs pale brown; leaves elliptic to lanceolate, 7.5-12cm long and 2.5-5.5cm broad; inflorescences compound, terminal and axillary; flowers petioled, bell-shaped, 5-6mm long, green to greenish-yellow; fruit obovate, 3-4cm long and 2.5cm broad. |
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| "Aquilaria malaccensis is the major source of agarwood, a resinous heartwood, used for perfume and incense. The resin is produced by the tree in response to infection by a parasitic ascomycetous mould, Phaeoacremonium parasitica, a dematiaceous (dark-walled) fungus... " [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquilaria_malaccensis]] | "Aquilaria malaccensis is the major source of agarwood, a resinous heartwood, used for perfume and incense. The resin is produced by the tree in response to infection by a parasitic ascomycetous mould, Phaeoacremonium parasitica, a dematiaceous (dark-walled) fungus... " [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquilaria_malaccensis|wikipedia]] |
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| "Both agarwood and its resin distillate/extracts are known as oud (عود) in Arabic (literally "rod/stick") and used to describe agarwood in Arab countries. Western perfumers also often use agarwood essential oil under the name "oud" or "oudh"." [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agarwood]] | "Both agarwood and its resin distillate/extracts are known as oud (عود) in Arabic (literally "rod/stick") and used to describe agarwood in Arab countries. Western perfumers also often use agarwood essential oil under the name "oud" or "oudh"." [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agarwood|wikipedia]] |
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| "There are 17 species of Aquilaria, which can produce agarwood. Among them A.agollocha, A.malaccensis and A.crassna are the best known. One of the main reasons for the relative rarity and high cost of agarwood is the depletion of the wild resource. The endangered A.malaccensis has been protected worldwide under the CITES convention since 1995 while all Aquilaria species have received CITES protection since 2004." \\ | "There are 17 species of Aquilaria, which can produce agarwood. Among them A.agollocha, A.malaccensis and A.crassna are the best known. One of the main reasons for the relative rarity and high cost of agarwood is the depletion of the wild resource. The endangered A.malaccensis has been protected worldwide under the CITES convention since 1995 while all Aquilaria species have received CITES protection since 2004." \\ |
| [[http://www.ifeat.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Pakamas-Agarwood.pdf]] | [Overview of the Agarwood oil industry, Dr. Pakamas Chetpattananondh, IFEAT International Conference, Singapore, 2012] {{ :pakamas-agarwood2012.pdf |}} |
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| "http://www.agarwood.org.vn, has studied the formation of resin in Aquilaria and Gyrinops trees and found a method to produce the resin in plantation grown young trees. This technique consists of wounding trees in a specific manner and applying treatments to accelerate the natural defense responses of the tree. The technique allows a sustainable yield of resin to be produced in relatively young trees." \\ | "[[http://www.agarwood.org.vn|agarwood.org.vn]], has studied the formation of resin in Aquilaria and Gyrinops trees and found a method to produce the resin in plantation grown young trees. This technique consists of wounding trees in a specific manner and applying treatments to accelerate the natural defense responses of the tree. The technique allows a sustainable yield of resin to be produced in relatively young trees." \\ |
| [[http://forestpathology.cfans.umn.edu/agarwood.htm]] , see also \\ | [[http://forestpathology.cfans.umn.edu/agarwood.htm|Agarwood (forestpathology.cfans.umn.edu)]] see also "white oud" [[http://forestpathology.cfans.umn.edu/agarwoodadd.htm|sustainable Agarwood (forestpathology.cfans.umn.edu)]] |
| [[http://forestpathology.cfans.umn.edu/agarwoodadd.htm]] for sustainable agarwood ("white oud") | |
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| "Three fragrant sesquiterpenes have been isolated as major constituents from the wood of Aquilaria malaccensis and identified as α-agarofuran, (−)-10-epi-γ-eudesmol and oxo-agarospirol." \\ | "Three fragrant sesquiterpenes have been isolated as major constituents from the wood of Aquilaria malaccensis and identified as α-agarofuran, (−)-10-epi-γ-eudesmol and oxo-agarospirol." \\ |
| [Guaiane sesquiterpenes from agarwood., Ishihara, M., Tsuneya, T., Uneyama, K., Phytochemistry, Vol.30(10), 1991, 3343-3347] | [Guaiane sesquiterpenes from agarwood., Ishihara, M., Tsuneya, T., Uneyama, K., Phytochemistry, Vol.30(10), 1991, 3343-3347] |
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| "The Japanese are great connoisseurs of incenses and consider jinkoh, asthey name agarwood, to be the best. It is the centerpiece in the Koh-do ceremony... The chemical composition of the agarwood scent depends not only on the Aquilaria species, but also on wether the essential oil or the incense smoke is being considered... there is no doubt that the characteristic agarwood note is based on a highly complex accord of many constituents. The sesquiterpene ketones dihydrokaranone and [[http://www.leffingwell.com/chirality/karanone.htm|karanone]] contribute very appealing oriental notes, while even the methoxy ketone 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-one is important, with its very soft fruity-floral note, especially to the quality of the incense smoke... an experiment run under the conditions very close to those found in Koh-do ceremony illustrate well the importance of all these sesquiterpenes for the deep noble woody notes. In my opinion, rotundone... is also very important to this part of the agarwood scent." \\ | "The Japanese are great connoisseurs of incenses and consider jinkoh, asthey name agarwood, to be the best. It is the centerpiece in the Koh-do ceremony... The chemical composition of the agarwood scent depends not only on the Aquilaria species, but also on wether the essential oil or the incense smoke is being considered... there is no doubt that the characteristic agarwood note is based on a highly complex accord of many constituents. The sesquiterpene ketones [[http://www.leffingwell.com/chirality/dihydrokaranone.htm|dihydrokaranone]] and [[http://www.leffingwell.com/chirality/karanone.htm|karanone]] contribute very appealing oriental notes, while even the methoxy ketone 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-one is important, with its very soft fruity-floral note, especially to the quality of the incense smoke... an experiment run under the conditions very close to those found in Koh-do ceremony illustrate well the importance of all these sesquiterpenes for the deep noble woody notes. In my opinion, rotundone... is also very important to this part of the agarwood scent." \\ |
| [Meaningful Scents around the World, Roman Kaiser, Zürich 2006, 59-64] \\ | [Meaningful Scents around the World, Roman Kaiser, Zürich 2006, 59-64] \\ |
| 2,14-Epoxyvetispir-6(14)-ene is assumed to be of special importance with its sweet, woody, smoky, and agarwood-related facets. \\ | 2,14-Epoxyvetispir-6(14)-ene is assumed to be of special importance with its sweet, woody, smoky, and agarwood-related facets. \\ |
| [Molecular docking and ADME studies of natural compounds of Agarwood oil for topical anti-inflammatory activity., K Yadav, D., Mudgal, V., Agrawal, J., K Maurya, A., U Bawankule, D., S Chanotiya, C., Thul, S., Current computer-aided drug design, Vol.9(3), 2013, 360-370] | [Molecular docking and ADME studies of natural compounds of Agarwood oil for topical anti-inflammatory activity., K Yadav, D., Mudgal, V., Agrawal, J., K Maurya, A., U Bawankule, D., S Chanotiya, C., Thul, S., Current computer-aided drug design, Vol.9(3), 2013, 360-370] |
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| {{:aquilaria_agallocha.jpg?600}} \\ | {{:aquilaria_agallocha.jpg?700}} \\ |
| left: Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. as Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. \\ | left: Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. as Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. \\ |
| Royle,J.F., Illustrations of the botany and other branches of the natural history of the Himalayan Mountains and of the flora of Cashmere, Plates, vol.2 t.36 (1839) [Hamilton] \\ | Royle,J.F., Illustrations of the botany and other branches of the natural history of the Himalayan Mountains and of the flora of Cashmere, Plates, vol.2 t.36 (1839) [Hamilton] [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=76628|plantgenera.org]] |
| [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=76628]] | |
| | {{:aquilaria_mal.jpg?700|Aquilaria malaccensis}} \\ |
| | Aquilaria malaccensis, Malaysia (2024) © Ahmad Tajuddin Jakalpeli [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]] [[https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon_id=189370|inaturalist.org]] |
