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--- anthoxanthum_odoratum_l [2017/10/14 08:15] – andreas
+++ anthoxanthum_odoratum_l [2020/05/30 07:33] (aktuell) – andreas
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 Anthoxanthum odoratum L. - Poaceae - sweet vernalgrass, scented vernal grass, flouve odorante (fr.), **Gewöhnliches Ruchgras**
-Perennial grass, up to 60cm high, native to Europe, West Asia, naturalozed in Africa; leaves flat, up to 12cm long, glabrous or loosely pilose, smooth or scabrid, apex acuminate; panicle dense, spikelike, lanceolate; glumes unequal, pubescent or punctiform-scabrid, margins sometimes ciliate, lower glume ca. 1/2 length of upper glume; lower florets sterile, composed only of lemmas, first lemma awned from near middle; second lemma awned near base, awn geniculate; bisexual floret 2-3 mm, smooth, shiny,  palea 1-veined; anthers 3-4.5mm.  \\
+Perennial grass, up to 60cm high, native to Europe, West Asia, naturalized in Africa; leaves flat, up to 12cm long, glabrous or loosely pilose, smooth or scabrid, apex acuminate; panicle dense, spikelike, lanceolate; glumes unequal, pubescent or punctiform-scabrid, margins sometimes ciliate, lower glume ca. 1/2 length of upper glume; lower florets sterile, composed only of lemmas, first lemma awned from near middle; second lemma awned near base, awn geniculate; bisexual floret 2-3 mm, smooth, shiny,  palea 1-veined; anthers 3-4.5mm.  \\
 [[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200024834]]
 The perfumery ingredient 'Flouve absolute' (with herbal coumarin scent, CAS 89957-44-8) is obtained by extraction from A.odoratum.
+"Flouve absolute is a viscous, greenish-amber to brownish-yellow liquid, having a very sweet, herbaceous, tobacco-like and coumarinic odor. The odor is so rich and so complex that one can keep on finding notes in it. However, the overall fragrance is sweet, licorice-like, root-like, somewhat mossy-herbaceous like wet underforest and meadows, of exceptional tenacity and high penetrating power.
+[Arctander, Steffen. Perfume and flavor materials of natural origin. 1960, 185; reprint Arctander, Steffen. Perfume and flavor materials of natural origin. Lulu. com, 2017, 158-162 (orig.250-253)]
 {{:coumarin.jpg|}} coumarin
-The major volatile component (steam distillation) of both leaf (96.3%) and hay oil (46.8%) is coumarin. A.odoratum hay oil also contains methyl esters like methyl butyrate (0.7%), methyl valerate (0.3%), methyl hexanoate (0.6%), methyl octanoate (0.9%), methyl nonanoate (1.0%), methyl decanoate (0.3%), methyl dodecanoate (1.3%), methyl tetradecanoate (1.3%), methyl hexadecanoate (9.9%), methyl linolenate (3%) e.g., furthermore octanol (3%), 4-vinylguaiacol (1.9%) and its methyl ether (0.3%), aldehydes like valeraldehyde (0.6%), hexanal (0.3%), octanal (0.1%), nonanal (0.3%) and benzaldehyde (0.1%). \\
+The major volatile component (steam distillation) of the oil from fresh leaves (96.3%) and hay (46.8%) was coumarin. A.odoratum hay oil also contained alcohols like amyl alcohol (0.1%), (Z)-3-hexenol (0.1%), heptanol (0.1%), octanol (3%), (Z)-2-octenol (0.1%), and borneol (0.1%); (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (0.1%); furthermore 4-vinylguaiacol (1.9%) and its methyl ether (0.3%); aldehydes like valeraldehyde (0.6%), hexanal (0.3%), octanal (0.1%), nonanal (0.3%), (E)-2-decenal (0.1%), benzaldehyde (0.1%), phenylacetaldehyde (0.1%), and veratraldehyde (0.2%). The hay oil was treated with diazomethane, so acids could be quantified as their methyl esters like methyl butyrate (0.7%), methyl valerate (0.3%), methyl hexanoate (0.6%), methyl octanoate (0.9%), methyl nonanoate (1.0%), methyl decanoate (0.3%), methyl dodecanoate (1.3%), methyl tetradecanoate (1.3%), methyl hexadecanoate (9.9%), methyl linolenate (3%) e.g.\\
 [Coumarin-containing grass: volatiles from sweet vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum L.)., Tava, A., Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol.13(5), 2001, 367-370]
-{{:anthoxanthum_odoratum.jpg?500}} \\
+Coumarin showed also the major GC peak area in 14.7% of all investigated hay samples form the Alps (multi-species products), occuring together in every sample with phenylethanol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, p-cymene, Δ3-carene, linalool, β-ionone, and γ-muurolene. \\
+[Valtiner, S. M., G. K. Bonn, and C. W. Huck. "Characterisation of different types of hay by solid‐phase micro‐extraction–gas chromatography mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis." Phytochemical analysis 19.4 (2008): 359-367]
+{{:anthoxanthum_odoratum.jpg?600}} \\
 Lindman, C.A.M., Bilder ur Nordens Flora, vol.3, t.474 (1922-1926) \\
 [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=70013]]
 {{http://www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at/Bilder/Konica_3/PICT9852.JPG}} \\
-Anthoxanthum odoratum\\ © Rolf Marschner (2007),
+Anthoxanthum odoratum © Rolf Marschner (2007),
-[[http://botanische-spaziergaenge.at/viewtopic.php?f=554&t=3280| www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at]]
+[[http://botanische-spaziergaenge.at/viewtopic.php?f=554&t=3280| www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at]] \\
+see also: [[http://www.guenther-blaich.de/pflseite.php?par=Anthoxanthum+odoratum]]