| Beide Seiten der vorigen RevisionVorhergehende ÜberarbeitungNächste Überarbeitung | Vorhergehende Überarbeitung |
| acorus_calamus_l [2017/04/02 08:55] – andreas | acorus_calamus_l [2022/12/19 13:23] (aktuell) – andreas |
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| **Acorus calamus rhizome**, Calamus: The dried rhizome and also the calamus oil are ancient remedies against gastro-intestinal disorders. The drug was introduced to Europe in the 16th century, coming from India. The rhizome is cutted into pieces after cleaning and dried at moderate temperatures (up to 35 deg.). Sometimes it is peeled before drying. Calamus has an aromatic odor, it tastes spicy, pungent and bitter. \\ | **Acorus calamus rhizome**, Calamus: The dried rhizome and also the calamus oil are ancient remedies against gastro-intestinal disorders. The drug was introduced to Europe in the 16th century, coming from India. The rhizome is cutted into pieces after cleaning and dried at moderate temperatures (up to 35 deg.). Sometimes it is peeled before drying. Calamus has an aromatic odor, it tastes spicy, pungent and bitter. \\ |
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| Constituents. Volatile oil (1-5%, tetraploids also more) with more or less β-asarone, ranging from 0-82%, [CRC; Wichtl; Keller K, Stahl E, DAZ 122,(1982), 2463; Keller K, Stahl E, Planta Med 47,(1983), 71; Stahl E, Keller K, Planta Med 43,(1981), 128 ], or isoeugenol methyl ether as the main constituents, also the sesquiterpenes calamendiol and isocalamendiol. As mentioned above, the occurence of beta-asarone depends on the variety of calamus and is of great importance to users, as possible carcinogenic effects of the substance in man can not be excluded. [! Li M, Jiang Z, Variations of the essential oils in Acorus calamus L. and their major constituents, Zhongguo Zhonqyao Zazhi 19(5), (1994), pp.274-6) - also showing June to best the best season for A. calamus cropping]. \\ | Constituents. Volatile oil (1-5%, tetraploids also more) with more or less β-asarone, ranging from 0-82%, [CRC; Wichtl; Keller K, Stahl E, DAZ 122,(1982), 2463; Keller K, Stahl E, Planta Med 47,(1983), 71; Stahl E, Keller K, Planta Med 43,(1981), 128 ], or isoeugenol methyl ether as the main constituents, also the sesquiterpenes calamendiol and isocalamendiol. As mentioned above, the occurence of β-asarone depends on the variety of calamus and is of great importance to users, as possible carcinogenic effects of the substance. [! Li M, Jiang Z, Variations of the essential oils in Acorus calamus L. and their major constituents, Zhongguo Zhonqyao Zazhi 19(5), (1994), pp.274-6) - also showing June to best the best season for A. calamus cropping]. The oil of diploid plants found in North America does not contain the carcinogenic compound β-asarone at all. The triploid race (Eastern Europe) contained a limited amount of β-asarone varying from 3-8% (Stahl, E. and Keller, K., Planta Medica 43:128-140, 1981); see also [Bertea, Cinzia M., et al. "Identification of an EcoRI restriction site for a rapid and precise determination of β-asarone-free Acorus calamus cytotypes." Phytochemistry 66.5 (2005): 507-514] \\ |
| Furthermore: tannine, bitter principles (acorone, isoacorone [and Kryptoacoron], as well as the glycoside acorine) and mucilage. \\ | Furthermore: tannine, bitter principles (acorone, isoacorone [and Kryptoacoron], as well as the glycoside acorine) and mucilage. \\ |
| Indian scientists reported the isolation of acoradin, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxybenzoquinone, galangin and sitosterol from A. calamus root rhizomes. [Patra A, Mitra AK, Constituents of Acorus calamus L., Indian J. Chem., Sect.B 17B(4), (1979), pp.412-14] \\ | Indian scientists reported the isolation of acoradin, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxybenzoquinone, galangin and sitosterol from A. calamus root rhizomes. [Patra A, Mitra AK, Constituents of Acorus calamus L., Indian J. Chem., Sect.B 17B(4), (1979), pp.412-14] \\ |
| [Isolation and synthesis of (Z,Z)-4,7-decadienal, the character impact compound in the oil of Acorus calamus L., van Lier, F.P., van der Linde, L.M., van der Weerdt, A.J.A., Progress in essential oil research., 1986, 215-225] | [Isolation and synthesis of (Z,Z)-4,7-decadienal, the character impact compound in the oil of Acorus calamus L., van Lier, F.P., van der Linde, L.M., van der Weerdt, A.J.A., Progress in essential oil research., 1986, 215-225] |
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| {{:zz47decadienal.jpg|}} (Z,Z)-4,7-decadienal | {{:zz47decadienal.jpg|}} (Z,Z)-4,7-decadienal //(calamus, green, fatty, rose-orris)// |
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| "The pale yellow to pale brown volatile calamus oil has an odor described as //'woody-spicy with increasingly sweet afternotes and great tenacity'// that resembles //'dried milk or sweet leather, slightly creamy-nutty'//, and has been compared to the fragrance of a milk-truck or shoe-repair shop (Arctander 1960). This characteristic aroma is derived from the chemical compound (Z,Z)-4,7-decadienal which is present in the oil at about 100 000 times its odor threshold value (van Lier, van der Linde, and van der Weerdt 1986)." \\ | "The pale yellow to pale brown volatile calamus oil has an odor described as //'woody-spicy with increasingly sweet afternotes and great tenacity'// that resembles //'dried milk or sweet leather, slightly creamy-nutty'//, and has been compared to the fragrance of a milk-truck or shoe-repair shop (Arctander 1960). This characteristic aroma is derived from the chemical compound (Z,Z)-4,7-decadienal which is present in the oil at about 100 000 times its odor threshold value (van Lier, van der Linde, and van der Weerdt 1986)." \\ |
| [Comparison of volatile constituents of Acorus calamus and Asarum europaeum obtained by different techniques., Wilczewska, A.Z., Ulman, M., Chilmończyk, Z., Maj, J., Koprowicz, T., Tomczyk, M., Tomczykowa, M., Journal of Essential Oil Research, 20(5), 2008, 390-395] | [Comparison of volatile constituents of Acorus calamus and Asarum europaeum obtained by different techniques., Wilczewska, A.Z., Ulman, M., Chilmończyk, Z., Maj, J., Koprowicz, T., Tomczyk, M., Tomczykowa, M., Journal of Essential Oil Research, 20(5), 2008, 390-395] |
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| {{:kalmus.jpg?500}} \\ | {{:kalmus.jpg?600}} \\ |
| Köhler, F.E., Medizinal Pflanzen, vol.1, t.17 (1887) [W.Müller] \\ | Köhler, F.E., Medizinal Pflanzen, vol.1, t.17 (1887) [W.Müller] \\ |
| [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=15928]] | [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=15928]] |
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| | {{http://www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at/Bilder/Lumix_92/P1160703.JPG}} \\ |
| | Acorus calamus © Rolf Marschner (2018), |
| | [[http://botanische-spaziergaenge.at/viewtopic.php?f=574&t=4839| www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at]] |
