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tilia_cordata_mill [2016/06/24 00:30]
andreas 		tilia_cordata_mill [2018/08/02 14:34]
andreas
Zeile 2: Zeile 2:
 little-leaf linden, small-leaved lime, **Winterlinde**, Kleinblättrige Linde, Steinlinde  little-leaf linden, small-leaved lime, **Winterlinde**, Kleinblättrige Linde, Steinlinde 
  
-Native tree to Europe and West Sibiria, up to 30m high; leaves with darker green upper side and blueish green underside, beneath glaucous; flowers with pleasant scent. \\ +Native tree to Europe and West Sibiria, up to 30m high; leaves with darker green upper side and blueish green underside, beneath glaucous; flowers with pleasant scent. There are numerous hybrids planted: Tilia x europaea = Tilia x vulgaris = Tilia cordata x Tilia platyphyllos \\ 
-There are numerous hybrids planted: Tilia x europaea = Tilia x vulgaris = Tilia cordata x Tilia platyphyllos +Dried flowers ared used as diaphoretic, as described for [[tilia_platyphyllos_scop|Tilia platyphyllos]].
  
 "In the countries of Central and Western Europe, linden flowers are a traditional herbal remedy made into an herbal..., considered to be of value as an anti-inflammatory in a range of respiratory problems: colds, fever, flu, sore throat, bronchitis, and cough." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilia_cordata]] "In the countries of Central and Western Europe, linden flowers are a traditional herbal remedy made into an herbal..., considered to be of value as an anti-inflammatory in a range of respiratory problems: colds, fever, flu, sore throat, bronchitis, and cough." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilia_cordata]]
- 
-Dried flowers ared used as diaphoretic, as described for [[tilia_platyphyllos_scop|Tilia platyphyllos]]. 
- 
-As shown by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), linden honey volatiles having high factors of dilution (FD) were identified as 1-hexen-3-one, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, dimethyl trisulphide, methional, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, linalool, p-cresol, 3,9-epoxy-1-p-menthene, 4-methylacetophenone, 3,9-epoxy-1,4(8)-p-menthadiene (linden ether), 1,3-p-menthadien-7-al, p-anisaldehyde, 4-vinylguaiacol, (E)-β-damascenone, eugenol, vanillin and cis-rose oxide. \\ 
-[Intensive neutral odourants of linden honey Differences from honeys of other botanical origin., Blank, I., Fischer, K.H., Grosch, W., Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung, 189(5), 1989, 426-433] [[http://imreblank.ch/ZLUF_1989_189_426.pdf]] 
- 
-"It was shown that 3.9-epoxy-1.4(8)-p-menthadiene and cis-rose oxide, both occurring also in the blossoms of the lime tree Tilia cordata (L.), were typical odourants of the linden honey." \\ 
-[Determination of the Chemical Structure of Linden Ether. Imre Blank, Werner Grosch, Wolfgang Eisenreieh, Adelbert Bacher, and Joachim Firl, Helvetica Chimica Acta, Volume 73 (1990), 1250-1257] [[http://imreblank.ch/HCA_1990_73_1250.pdf]] 
- 
-|{{:lindenether.jpg|linden ether}} \\ [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1374431.html|linden ether]] \\ //(floral mint)// |{{:cis_roseoxide.jpg|cis-rose oxide}} \\ [[http://www.leffingwell.com/chirality/roseoxide.htm|cis-rose oxide]]  //(floral green)//| 
  
 "Thus the difference in the composition of the aroma compounds between the headspace and the **essential oil** is clearly shown. This is also the case with **dried lime tree flowers** (Flores Tiliae). The main constituents of the essential oil of this drug are 1,8-cineole, linalol, carvone, thymol and carvacrol (concentration more than 2 %), but all of these volatiles only be detected in the headspace in a concentration below. On the other hand p-cymene, fenchone, and  α- and β-thujone are only trace compounds of this essential oil.\\ "Thus the difference in the composition of the aroma compounds between the headspace and the **essential oil** is clearly shown. This is also the case with **dried lime tree flowers** (Flores Tiliae). The main constituents of the essential oil of this drug are 1,8-cineole, linalol, carvone, thymol and carvacrol (concentration more than 2 %), but all of these volatiles only be detected in the headspace in a concentration below. On the other hand p-cymene, fenchone, and  α- and β-thujone are only trace compounds of this essential oil.\\
Zeile 23: Zeile 13:
 {{:26dimethyl357octatriene2ol.jpg| 2,6-dimethyl-3(E),5(Z/E),7-octatriene-2-ol }} 2,6-dimethyl-3(E),5(Z/E),7-octatriene-2-ol //(sweet floral)// {{:26dimethyl357octatriene2ol.jpg| 2,6-dimethyl-3(E),5(Z/E),7-octatriene-2-ol }} 2,6-dimethyl-3(E),5(Z/E),7-octatriene-2-ol //(sweet floral)//
  
-The highly sensitive 2,6-dimethyl-3(E),5(Z),7-octatriene-2-ol and its 5(E) isomer (natural ratio 1:10, sweet floral odor) are main constituents present only in the headspace and not in extracts of the flowers of T.platyphyllos and T.cordata.\\+The highly sensitive 2,6-dimethyl-3(E),5(Z),7-octatriene-2-ol and its 5(E) isomer (natural ratio 1:10, sweet floral odor) are major constituents present only in the headspace and not in extracts of the flowers of T.cordata.\\
 [Trapping, Investigation and Reconstitution of Flower Scents, Roman Kaiser, in: Müller, P.M., and Lamparsky, D. eds. Perfumes: Art, Science and Technology. Springer Science & Business Media, Dordrecht 1994, 213-250]  [Trapping, Investigation and Reconstitution of Flower Scents, Roman Kaiser, in: Müller, P.M., and Lamparsky, D. eds. Perfumes: Art, Science and Technology. Springer Science & Business Media, Dordrecht 1994, 213-250] 
  
Zeile 35: Zeile 25:
 "The essential oils of linden blossom from the clean localities contained 47.3-55.0% of oxygenated constituents, while the blossom oils from trees growing on the tile-covered pavements contained only 20.6-27.7% of these compounds. The major constituents determined in linden blossom oils were 3-p-menthene, nonanal, nonanoic acid, α-cadinene, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, kaurene, aliphatic hydrocarbons (C20H42 - C24H50). The identified compounds (169 out of 250) made up 73.4-97.7% of the oils." \\ "The essential oils of linden blossom from the clean localities contained 47.3-55.0% of oxygenated constituents, while the blossom oils from trees growing on the tile-covered pavements contained only 20.6-27.7% of these compounds. The major constituents determined in linden blossom oils were 3-p-menthene, nonanal, nonanoic acid, α-cadinene, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, kaurene, aliphatic hydrocarbons (C20H42 - C24H50). The identified compounds (169 out of 250) made up 73.4-97.7% of the oils." \\
 [Influence of urban environment on chemical composition of Tilia cordata essential oil. Nivinskienė, Ona; Butkienė, Rita; Gudalevič, Alena; Mockutė, Danutė; Meškauskienė, Vilma; Grigaliūnaitė, Banga, Chemija, 2007, Vol. 18, No. 1, 44-49] [Influence of urban environment on chemical composition of Tilia cordata essential oil. Nivinskienė, Ona; Butkienė, Rita; Gudalevič, Alena; Mockutė, Danutė; Meškauskienė, Vilma; Grigaliūnaitė, Banga, Chemija, 2007, Vol. 18, No. 1, 44-49]
 +
 +----
 +
 +As shown by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), linden honey volatiles having high factors of dilution (FD) were identified as 1-hexen-3-one, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, dimethyl trisulphide, methional, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, linalool, p-cresol, 3,9-epoxy-1-p-menthene, 4-methylacetophenone, 3,9-epoxy-1,4(8)-p-menthadiene (linden ether), 1,3-p-menthadien-7-al, p-anisaldehyde, 4-vinylguaiacol, (E)-β-damascenone, eugenol, vanillin and cis-rose oxide. \\
 +[Intensive neutral odourants of linden honey Differences from honeys of other botanical origin., Blank, I., Fischer, K.H., Grosch, W., Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung, 189(5), 1989, 426-433] [[http://imreblank.ch/ZLUF_1989_189_426.pdf]]
 +
 +|{{:lindenether.jpg|linden ether}} \\ [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1374431.html|linden ether]] \\ //(floral mint)// |{{:cis_roseoxide.jpg|cis-rose oxide}} \\ [[http://www.leffingwell.com/chirality/roseoxide.htm|cis-rose oxide]]  //(floral green)//|
 +
 +"It was shown that 3.9-epoxy-1.4(8)-p-menthadiene and cis-rose oxide, both occurring also in the blossoms of the lime tree Tilia cordata (L.), were typical odourants of the linden honey." \\
 +[Determination of the Chemical Structure of Linden Ether. Imre Blank, Werner Grosch, Wolfgang Eisenreieh, Adelbert Bacher, and Joachim Firl, Helvetica Chimica Acta, Volume 73 (1990), 1250-1257] [[http://imreblank.ch/HCA_1990_73_1250.pdf]]
  
 {{:tilia_cordata.jpg|}} \\ {{:tilia_cordata.jpg|}} \\
Zeile 40: Zeile 40:
 [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=1017551]] [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=1017551]]
  
-{{:tilia_cordata_botg.jpg?700}} \\+{{:tilia_cordata_botg.jpg}} \\
 Tilia cordata flowers, [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]], Author: Andreas Kraska Tilia cordata flowers, [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]], Author: Andreas Kraska
tilia_cordata_mill.txt · Zuletzt geändert: 2024/05/31 11:05 von andreas

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