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--- sanicula_europaea_l [2015/02/20 08:59] – andreas
+++ sanicula_europaea_l [2015/02/20 09:42] – andreas
@@ Zeile 3: / Zeile 3: @@
 Perennial herb, 20-40cm high, native to Eurasia; rootstock thick with fibrous roots; leaves long-petioled, palmately lobed, toothed; flowers white.
-"Extracts from the aerial parts of Sanicula europaea L. were investigated for their anti-HIV activity, and the 50% ethanolic extract was shown to exhibit the highest activity. A new triterpene saponin glycoside, 21β-(angeloyloxy)-3-O-[β-d-arabinopyranosyl(1→4)-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl propyl ester]-3β,15,16,22α,28β-pentahydroxy-Δ12-oleanene, saniculoside N (1), in addition to the known phenolic acids, rosmarinic acid (2), and caffeic acid (3) were isolated as major components. Rosmarinic acid was established as the principal active substance." \\
+The herb contains saniculosides A-D, which are triterpene saponins with A1-barrigenol and R1-barrigenol as aglycones. \\
+[Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Springer 2010] \\
+[Glycosidstrukturen der Saponine von Sanicula europaea L. XXXIX: Zur Kenntnis der Inhaltsstoffe einiger Saniculoideae., Kühner, K., Voigt, G., Hiller, K., Rabe, H., Franke, P., Dube, G., Habisch, D., Pharmazie, Vol.40(8), 1985, 576-578]
+"Extracts from the aerial parts of Sanicula europaea L. were investigated for their anti-HIV activity, and the 50% ethanolic extract was shown to exhibit the highest activity. A new triterpene saponin glycoside, 21β-(angeloyloxy)-3-O-[β-d-arabinopyranosyl(1→4)-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl propyl ester]-3β,15,16,22α,28β-pentahydroxy-Δ12-oleanene, saniculoside N, in addition to the known phenolic acids, rosmarinic acid, and caffeic acid were isolated as major components. Rosmarinic acid was established as the principal active substance." \\
 [Saniculoside N from Sanicula europaea L., Arda, N., Gören, N., Kuru, A., Pengsuparp, T., Pezzuto, J. M., Qiu, S.X., Cordell, G.A., Journal of natural products, Vol.60(11), 1997, 1170-1173]
@@ Zeile 11: / Zeile 15: @@
 "Sanicle herb has been used mainly to treat catarrh of the upper respiratory tract and was a popular remedy for diarrhoea, stomach uppets, flatulence, excessive bleeding. As a gargle it was used in cases of sore throat, mouth infections and gingivitis. Leaves were once popular as a compress to treat wounds, bruises, burns, skin infections and haemorrhoids... Active Ingredients: Large amounts (more than 10%) of monodesmodic triterpene saponins (esters of saniculoside A-D), together with flavanoids (rutin, astragalin) various organic acids (chlorogenic acid 0.6%, rosmarinic acid 1.7%, ascorbic acid 0.1%) and mucilage" \\
 [Medicinal Plants of the World. Ben-Erik Van Wyk and Michael Wink, Pretoria 2004, 288]
+"The chemical composition of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from leaves of Sanicula europaea L. originating from two different localities in Serbia and Montenegro was analyzed using GC and GC-MS. The oils were characterized by a high content of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (59.5–63.8%). The major compounds were found to be β-selinene (40.4–44.2%), caryophyllene oxide (17.9–19.2%) and α-selinene (3.7–4.0%)." \\
+[Essential oil composition of Sanicula europaea L., Pavlović, M., Kovačević, N., Tzakou, O., Couladis, M., Flavour and fragrance journal, Vol.21(4), 2006, 687-689]
 {{http://plantillustrations.org/ILLUSTRATIONS_HD/131523.jpg?500}} \\
 Lindman, C.A.M., Bilder ur Nordens Flora, vol. 2: t. 267 (1922-1926) \\
 [[http://plantillustrations.org/species.php?id_species=904843]]