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 [Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils Obtained From Some Spices Widely Used in Mediterranean Region. Viuda-Martos, Manuel, et al., Acta Chimica Slovenica Vol.54(4), 2007, 921]
-"Links between phenology, yield and composition of the essential oil of common sage, Salvia officinalis L., grown in Guadalajara (Central Spain) were determined in the different phases of the biological cycle during one year. Data showed an average yield about 1.0%. The analysis of the oil components was carried out by GC-FID and GC/MS. The main oil constituent was α-thujone (40.1-46.5%). Other identified compounds are β-pinene (2.6-4.5%), cineole (3.5-8.7%), β-thujone (4.1-5.6%), camphor (4.1-8.0%), borneol (1.3-3.7%), α-humulene (3.8-7.3%), viridiflorol (3.4-12.6%) and manool (0.1-4.5%). The highest yield of oil was obtained in the period of full flowering and the highest concentration of α-thujone in the period of initial flowering." \\
+Quantity and quality of the essential oils of garden sage (Salvia officinalis L.) of 19 accessions were studied. EO quantity was in the ranges 0.3-2.2% w/w in the first year and 0.9-2.5% w/w in the second year, with mean EO quantities in the second year 1-1.6‐fold higher than in the first year. Two accessions from Romania representing a new Salvia officinalis chemotype with viridiflorol as dominant compound and low amounts of α‐ and β‐thujone. \\
-[Seasonal Variation of Essential Oil Yield and Composition of Sage (//Salvia officinalis L.//) Grown in Castilla-La Mancha (Central Spain). Arraiza, M. P., Arrabal, C., López, J. V., Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, vol.40(2), 2012, 106-108]
+[Lamien‐Meda, Aline, et al. "Variability of the essential oil composition in the sage collection of the Genebank Gatersleben: a new viridiflorol chemotype." Flavour and fragrance journal 25.2 (2010): 75-82]
-The main components of S.officinalis oils from populations growing wild in Macedonia were camphor (13.1-25.9%), α-thujone (19.2-26.3%), β-thujone (2.0-5.2%), 1,8-cineole (6.5-13.6%), limonene (1.6-2.1%), α-pinene (0.9-1.4%), borneol (1.0-4.6%), caryophyllene (1.7-5.3%), α-humulene (2.8-7.9%), viridiflorol (4.2-7.9), and manool (2.1-3.7%).  \\
+The main components of oils from S.officinalis populations growing wild in Macedonia were camphor (13.1-25.9%), α-thujone (19.2-26.3%), β-thujone (2.0-5.2%), 1,8-cineole (6.5-13.6%), limonene (1.6-2.1%), α-pinene (0.9-1.4%), borneol (1.0-4.6%), caryophyllene (1.7-5.3%), α-humulene (2.8-7.9%), viridiflorol (4.2-7.9), and manool (2.1-3.7%).  \\
 [Essential oil composition of wild growing Sage from R. Macedonia., Stefkov, G., Cvetkovikj, I., Karapandzova, M., Kulevanova, S., Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 57(1, 2), 2011, 71-76] [[http://bulletin.mfd.org.mk/volumes/Volume%2057/57_008.pdf]]
+"Links between phenology, yield and composition of the essential oil of common sage, Salvia officinalis L., grown in Guadalajara (Central Spain) were determined in the different phases of the biological cycle during one year. Data showed an average yield about 1.0%. The analysis of the oil components was carried out by GC-FID and GC/MS. The main oil constituent was α-thujone (40.1-46.5%). Other identified compounds are β-pinene (2.6-4.5%), cineole (3.5-8.7%), β-thujone (4.1-5.6%), camphor (4.1-8.0%), borneol (1.3-3.7%), α-humulene (3.8-7.3%), viridiflorol (3.4-12.6%) and manool (0.1-4.5%). The highest yield of oil was obtained in the period of full flowering and the highest concentration of α-thujone in the period of initial flowering." \\
+[Seasonal Variation of Essential Oil Yield and Composition of Sage (//Salvia officinalis L.//) Grown in Castilla-La Mancha (Central Spain). Arraiza, M. P., Arrabal, C., López, J. V., Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, vol.40(2), 2012, 106-108]
 "Drinking or gargling Salvia officinalis L. infusion (sage infusion) is thought to soothe a sore throat, tonsillitis, and inflamed, red gums, although structure-based scientific evidence for the key anti-inflammatory compounds in sage infusion is scarce... A significant, more than 50% mean inhibition of PMA/I-induced IL-6 and IL-8 release was demonstrated for the volatile compounds 1,8-cineole, borneol, camphor, and thujone, but not for the nonvolatile rosmarinic acid when applied in concentrations representative of sage infusion. Therefore, the volatile compounds were found to be more effective than rosmarinic acid. 1,8-Cineole, borneol, camphor, and α-/β-thujone chiefly contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of sage infusion in human gingival fibroblasts." \\
 [Identification of 1,8-cineole, borneol, camphor, and thujone as anti-inflammatory compounds in a Salvia officinalis L. infusion using human gingival fibroblasts., Ehrnhöfer-Ressler, M.M., Fricke, K., Pignitter, M., Walker, J.M., Walker, J., Rychlik, M., Somoza, V., Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 61(14), 2013, 3451-3459]
-{{:salvia_officinalis.jpg?500}} \\
+{{:salvia_officinalis.jpg?600}} \\
 Kohl,F.G., Die officinellen Pflanzen der Pharmacopoea Germanica, t.133 (1891-1895) \\
 [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=903264]]
+{{:dsc05638k.jpg}} \\
+Salvia officinalis, [[http://www.kraeuterpark.de/|KräuterPark Stolpe]] 2017, [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]], Author: Andreas Kraska

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