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rubia_tinctorum_l [2015/07/04 11:56] andreas |
rubia_tinctorum_l [2015/07/04 12:17] andreas |
[[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=220011762]] | [[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=220011762]] |
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"The plant's roots contain several polyphenolic compounds, such as 1,3-Dihydroxyanthraquinone (purpuroxanthin), 1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone (quinizarin), 1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone (purpurin) and 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone (alizarin). This last compound gives it its red colour to a textile dye known as Rose madder. It was also used as a colourant, especially for paint, that is referred to as Madder lake. The substance was also derived from another species, Rubia cordifolia." [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubia_tinctorum]] | "The plant's roots contain several polyphenolic compounds, such as 1,3-dihydroxyanthraquinone (purpuroxanthin), 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone (quinizarin), 1,2,4-trihydroxyanthraquinone (purpurin) and 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone (alizarin). This last compound gives it its red colour to a textile dye known as Rose madder. It was also used as a colourant, especially for paint, that is referred to as Madder lake. The substance was also derived from another species, Rubia cordifolia." [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubia_tinctorum]] |
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"Twenty compounds were isolated from the roots of Rubia tinctorum which are used as a commercial source of madder color. Among these compounds, mollugin, 1-hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone , 2-ethoxymethyl-anthraquinone, rubiadin, 1,3-dihydroxyanthraqunone, 7-hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone, lucidin, 1-methoxymethylanthraquinone and lucidin-3-O-primeveroside showed mutagenicity with Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and/or TA 98." \\ | "Twenty compounds were isolated from the roots of Rubia tinctorum which are used as a commercial source of madder color. Among these compounds, [[http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Mollugin|mollugin]], 1-hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone , 2-ethoxymethyl-anthraquinone, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiadin|rubiadin]], 1,3-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 7-hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone, [[http://www.medchemexpress.com/Lucidin.html|lucidin]], 1-methoxymethylanthraquinone and lucidin-3-O-primeveroside showed mutagenicity with Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and/or TA 98." \\ |
[The mutagenic constituents of Rubia tinctorum., Kawasaki, Y., Goda, Y., Yoshihira, K., Chem Pharm Bull.(Tokyo), 40(6), 1992, 1504-1509] | [The mutagenic constituents of Rubia tinctorum., Kawasaki, Y., Goda, Y., Yoshihira, K., Chem Pharm Bull.(Tokyo), 40(6), 1992, 1504-1509] |
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| The admission of madder root containing drugs was withdrawn in Germany in 1993. \\ |
| [Pharm. Ztg. 138 (1993), 834] |
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"Renal cell tumors were also increased with 0.04% alizarin, although at lower incidence than with rubiadin. In addition, glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive liver cell foci and large intestinal dysplasias were significantly increased with 0.04% rubiadin. These results indicate that both rubiadin and alizarin can increase renal preneoplastic lesions, the potential of the latter being weaker. Rubiadin may also target the liver and large intestine, suggesting a major role in madder color-induced carcinogenicity. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 2261–2267)" \\ | "Renal cell tumors were also increased with 0.04% alizarin, although at lower incidence than with rubiadin. In addition, glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive liver cell foci and large intestinal dysplasias were significantly increased with 0.04% rubiadin. These results indicate that both rubiadin and alizarin can increase renal preneoplastic lesions, the potential of the latter being weaker. Rubiadin may also target the liver and large intestine, suggesting a major role in madder color-induced carcinogenicity. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 2261–2267)" \\ |