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[The mutagenic constituents of Rubia tinctorum., Kawasaki, Y., Goda, Y., Yoshihira, K., Chem Pharm Bull.(Tokyo), | [The mutagenic constituents of Rubia tinctorum., Kawasaki, Y., Goda, Y., Yoshihira, K., Chem Pharm Bull.(Tokyo), | ||
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+ | The admission of madder root containing drugs was withdrawn in Germany in 1993. \\ | ||
+ | [Pharm. Ztg. 138 (1993), 834] | ||
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+ | [Identification and quantification of the constituents of madder root by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography., | ||
"Renal cell tumors were also increased with 0.04% alizarin, although at lower incidence than with rubiadin. In addition, glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive liver cell foci and large intestinal dysplasias were significantly increased with 0.04% rubiadin. These results indicate that both rubiadin and alizarin can increase renal preneoplastic lesions, the potential of the latter being weaker. Rubiadin may also target the liver and large intestine, suggesting a major role in madder color-induced carcinogenicity. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 2261–2267)" | "Renal cell tumors were also increased with 0.04% alizarin, although at lower incidence than with rubiadin. In addition, glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive liver cell foci and large intestinal dysplasias were significantly increased with 0.04% rubiadin. These results indicate that both rubiadin and alizarin can increase renal preneoplastic lesions, the potential of the latter being weaker. Rubiadin may also target the liver and large intestine, suggesting a major role in madder color-induced carcinogenicity. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 2261–2267)" | ||
[Carcinogenic potential of alizarin and rubiadin, components of madder color, in a rat medium‐term multi‐organ bioassay., Inoue, K., Yoshida, M., Takahashi, M., Fujimoto, H., Shibutani, M., Hirose, M., Nishikawa, A., Cancer science, 100(12), 2009, 2261-2267] [[http:// | [Carcinogenic potential of alizarin and rubiadin, components of madder color, in a rat medium‐term multi‐organ bioassay., Inoue, K., Yoshida, M., Takahashi, M., Fujimoto, H., Shibutani, M., Hirose, M., Nishikawa, A., Cancer science, 100(12), 2009, 2261-2267] [[http:// | ||
- | Dried roots (Radix Rubiae tinctorum, Radix Alizari)were used to treat diseases of the bladder and kidney, as diuretic and antidiarrhoeic. The roots contain anthraquinone glucosides (2-3.5%) which are also absorbed when ingested, and the splittet off di- and trihyhdroxy anthraquinones are excreted through the kidneys. The urine gets a pink color; the substances contained therein have been considered anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic. \\ | + | Dried roots (Radix Rubiae tinctorum, Radix Alizari) |
[Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Springer 2010] | [Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Springer 2010] | ||