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--- piper_longum_l [2015/05/01 19:10]
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+++ piper_longum_l [2015/05/01 23:55]
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 Piper longum L. - Piperaceae - Indian long pepper, **Langer Pfeffer**, Stangenpfeffer
-Dioecious climber, several meter long, native to India, Nepal, naturalized and cultivated in Southeast Asia; leaves ovate-oblong to cordtae, acute to acuminate, very finely powdery pubescent; spikes leaf-opposed, male ones 4-5cm × 3mm, female spikes 1.5-2.5cm × 2.5-4mm, 2-3cm in fruit. \\
+Dioecious climber, several meter long, native to India, Nepal, naturalized and cultivated in Southeast Asia; leaves ovate-oblong to cordate, acute to acuminate, very finely powdery pubescent; spikes leaf-opposed, male ones 4-5cm × 3mm, female spikes 1.5-2.5cm × 2.5-4mm, 2-3cm in fruit. \\
 [[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005574]]
-"Infructescences (reminiscent of catkins) are harvested in various stages of maturity, dried, and traded as long pepper. It is used mainly as spice, but also as remedy in India. Long pepper is about the same as hot as black pepper and owns a slightly sweet and sour taste." \\
+"Greeks and Romans imported long pepper and valued him as a remedy and spice. Long pepper has been used extensively in Europe until the 17th century, but is then almost completely replaced by P.nigrum ... Infructescences (reminiscent of catkins) are harvested in various stages of maturity, dried, and traded as long pepper. It is used mainly as spice, but also as remedy in India. Long pepper is about the same as hot as black pepper and owns a slightly sweet and sour taste." \\
 [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langer_Pfeffer]]
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 [Antiinflammatory activity of Piper longum fruit oil., Kumar, A., Panghal, S., Mallapur, S.S., Kumar, M., Ram, V., Singh, B.K., Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Vol.71(4), 2009, 454] \\
 [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2865823/]]
+"The % w/w yield of piperine in supercritical fluid extract was 8.76 for P.nigrum and for P.longum
+.96. Whereas in Soxhlet extract % w/w yield for P.nigrum 8.13 and for P.longum % w/w was 4.32. " \\
+[Hamrapurkar, P. D., Jadhav, K., & Zine, S. (2011). Quantitative estimation of piperine in Piper nigrum and Piper longum using high performance thin layer chromatography. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 1(3), 2011, 117-120]
 {{:piper_longum.jpg?500}} \\
 Woodville, W., Hooker, W.J., Spratt, G., Medical Botany, 3th edition, vol.4, t.247 (1832) \\
 [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=797499]]

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