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--- pinus_sylvestris_l [2014/08/29 15:37]
andreas angelegt
+++ pinus_sylvestris_l [2017/10/16 18:58]
andreas
@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
-Pinus sylvestris L. - syn.Pinus nigra Mill.; Pinaceae \\
+Pinus sylvestris L. - syn.Pinus nigra Mill. - Pinaceae - Scots pine, **Gemeine Kiefer**, Wald-Kiefer, Waldföhre, Rotföhre
-Scotch pine, **Gemeine Kiefer**, Wald-Kiefer, Waldföhre, Rotföhre
 Evergreen tree, native from Central Europe to Siberia.
@@ Zeile 10: / Zeile 9: @@
 [Seasonal variations in the composition of Pinus halepensis and Pinus sylvestris twigs and needles essential oil., Zafra, M., Garcia-Peregrin, E., The Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol.86(01), 1976, 1-6]
-{{http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Illustration_Pinus_sylvestris0_new.jpg/640px-Illustration_Pinus_sylvestris0_new.jpg}}
+"Conifers produce the greatest amounts of terpenes among all plant families. In P.sylvestris the heart wood contains 8% resin consisting of 25% monoterpenes." The six major monoterpenes found in oeloresin samples of Swedish P.sylvestris populations were α-pinene (8-15%), β-pinene (5-24%), δ-3-carene (23-54%), myrcene (2-20%), limonene (3-14%), and β-phellandrene (7-23%). \\
+[Geographical variation in the relative proportion of monoterpenes in cortical oleoresin of Pinus sylvestris in Sweden., Yazdani, R., Nilsson, J.E., Ericsson, T., Silvae Genetica, 34(6), 201-207, 1985] [[http://www.allgemeineforstundjagdzeitung.com/fileadmin/content/dokument/archiv/silvaegenetica/34_1985/34-6-201.pdf]]
+| {{:alpha_pinene.jpg| α-pinene }} \\ α-pinene | {{:beta_pinene.jpg| β-pinene }} \\ β-pinene | {{:carene_d3.jpg| δ-3-carene }} \\ δ-3-carene | {{:myrcene.jpg| myrcene }} \\ myrcene | {{:limonene.jpg| limonene }} \\ limonene | {{:beta_phellandrene.jpg| β-phellandrene }} \\ β-phellandrene |
+"Oils of Pinus sylvestris L. produced from plant material collected from different locations in Lithuania have been investigated by GC and GC/MS. The oil content in many samples was approximately 1 mL/100 g (dry weight) with few exceptions when it was slightly higher or lower. More than 70 constituents were identified (64 positively and 10 tentatively) in the oils. α-Pinene (18.5-33.0%) and δ-3-carene (9.1-24.6%) were dominating constituents with the only one exception when the germacrene-4-ol content in one of the samples was 13.2%. The important bornyl acetate content varied from 0.5% to 3.0%. The main sesquiterpenes were β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, δ-cadinene, γ-cadinene, germacrene D-4-ol, cubenol (2.0-5.1%) and α-cadinol (1.9-7.7%)." \\
+[Composition of essential oils of Pinus sylvestris L. from different locations of Lithuania. Venskutonis, P. R., Vyskupaityte, K., Plausinaitis, R., Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol.12(5), 2000, 559-565]
+{{:bornylacetate.jpg| bornyl acetate }}  bornyl acetate
+"...the distinctive odor is due to esters, mainly (-)-bornyl acetate... Turpentine oil and needle oils are antiseptic and secretolytic." \\
+[Medicinal Plants of the World. Ben-Erik Van Wyk and Michael Wink, Pretoria 2004, 242]
+Main components of turpentine oil, obtained by hydrodistillation of oleoresin of Pinus sylvestris collected from Pinus sylvestris from Turkey were α-pinene (34.9-43.6%), β-pinene (17.0-29.4%), ∆3-carene (6.5-9.6%), camphene (1.0-2.2%), limonene (1.7-2.0%), longifolene (4.3-9.5%), and β-caryophyllene (1.1-1.6%). \\
+[Tümen, İbrahim, and Markku Reunanen. "A comparative study on turpentine oils of oleoresins of Pinus sylvestris L. from three districts of Denizli." Records of Natural Products 4.4 (2010): 224-229] [[http://acgpubs.org/RNP/2010/Volume%204/Issue%201/27-RNP-1008-297.pdf]]
+{{:pinus_sylvestris.jpg?600}} \\
+Masclef, A., Atlas des plantes de France, vol.3 t.393 \\
+[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=795230]]
+{{http://www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at/Bilder/Lumix_3/P1130670.JPG}} \\
+Pinus sylvestris subsp. sylvestris \\ © Rolf Marschner (2009),
+[[http://botanische-spaziergaenge.at/viewtopic.php?f=218&t=423| www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at]]

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