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nigella_sativa_l [2015/05/02 17:26]
andreas 		nigella_sativa_l [2017/04/20 15:50]
andreas
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 Nigella sativa L. - Ranunculaceae - black caraway, black cumin, Roman coriander, nutmeg flower, **Echter Schwarzkümmel**  Nigella sativa L. - Ranunculaceae - black caraway, black cumin, Roman coriander, nutmeg flower, **Echter Schwarzkümmel** 
  
-Annual herb, 20-30cm tall, native to West Asia (Turkey, Iran). naturalized in the Mediterranean region, cultivated elsewhere. +Annual herb, 20-30cm tall, native to West Asia (Turkey, Iran); naturalized in the Mediterranean region, cultivated elsewhere. 
  
 "Seeds of Nigella sativa have a pungent bitter taste and smell. It is used primarily in confectionery and liquors." \\ "Seeds of Nigella sativa have a pungent bitter taste and smell. It is used primarily in confectionery and liquors." \\
 [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=701431]] [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=701431]]
 +
 +Main constituents of the essentail oil of Nigella sativa seeds from Egypt were p-cymene (31.7%), thymoquinone (24.5%), linoleic acid ethyl ester (9.4%), and α-pinene (9.3%). Minor components were β-pinene (2.2%), limonene (1.6%), carvacrol (1.1%), hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (2.8%), oleic acid ethyl ester (2.7%), and carvone (0.19%) e.g. \\
 +[Aboutabl, E. A., A. A. El-Azzouny, and F. J. Hammerschmidt. "Aroma volatiles of Nigella sativa L. seeds." Prog Essent Oil Res., Proceeding International Symposium Essential Oils. DeGruyer, Berlin. 1986, 49-55]
 +
 +| {{:cymene.jpg|p-cymene}} \\ cymene | {{:thymoquinone.jpg| thymoquinone }} \\ thymoquinone | {{:limonene.jpg|limonene}} \\ limonene | {{:alpha_pinene.jpg| α-pinene }} \\ α-pinene | {{:carvacrol.jpg| carvacrol }} \\ carvacrol | {{:r_carvone.jpg| (R)(-)-carvone }} \\ (R)(-)-carvone |
 +
 +"Samples of the expressed fixed oil from different sources of Nigella sativa seeds were examined by thin-layer and gas chromatography for content of fixed oils and thymoquinone, and these substances were tested as possible inhibitors of eicosanoid generation and membrane lipid peroxidation. The crude fixed oil and pure thymoquinone both inhibited the cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonate metabolism in rat peritoneal leukocytes stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187, as shown by dose-dependent inhibition of thromboxane B2 and leukotriene B4, respectively. Thymoquinone was very potent, with approximate IC50 values against 5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase of < 1 microgram/ml and 3.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Both substances also inhibited non-enzymatic peroxidation in ox brain phospholipid liposomes, but thymoquinone was about ten times more potent. However, the inhibition of eicosanoid generation and lipid peroxidation by the fixed oil of N. sativa is greater than is expected from its content of thymoquinone (ca. 0.2% w/v), and it is possible that other components such as the unusual C20:2 unsaturated fatty acids may contribute also to its anti-eicosanoid and antioxidant activity. These pharmacological properties of the oil support the traditional use of N. sativa and its derived products as a treatment for rheumatism and related inflammatory diseases." \\
 +[Fixed oil of Nigella sativa and derived thymoquinone inhibit eicosanoid generation in leukocytes and membrane lipid peroxidation., Houghton, P.J., Zarka, R., de las Heras, B., Hoult, J.R., Planta medica, 61(1), 1995, 33-36]
  
 "The chemical composition of the extracted [petrolether] fixed oil (total fatty acid composition) and volatile oil [hydrodistilled from the petrol ether extract] of Nigella sativa L. seeds grown in Iran were determined by GC and GC/MS. Eight fatty acids (99.5%) and thirty- two compounds (86.7%) have been identified in the fixed and volatile oils, respectively. The main fatty acids of the fixed oil were linoleic acid (55.6%), oleic acid (23.4%), and palmitic acid (12.5%). The major compounds of the volatile oil were trans-anethole (38.3%), p-cymene (14.8%), limonene (4.3%), and carvone (4.0%)." The thymoquinone content was 0.6%. \\ "The chemical composition of the extracted [petrolether] fixed oil (total fatty acid composition) and volatile oil [hydrodistilled from the petrol ether extract] of Nigella sativa L. seeds grown in Iran were determined by GC and GC/MS. Eight fatty acids (99.5%) and thirty- two compounds (86.7%) have been identified in the fixed and volatile oils, respectively. The main fatty acids of the fixed oil were linoleic acid (55.6%), oleic acid (23.4%), and palmitic acid (12.5%). The major compounds of the volatile oil were trans-anethole (38.3%), p-cymene (14.8%), limonene (4.3%), and carvone (4.0%)." The thymoquinone content was 0.6%. \\
Zeile 12: Zeile 20:
 [The black seed Nigella sativa Linnaeus-A mine for multi cures: a plea for urgent clinical evaluation of its volatile oil., El-Tahir, K.E.D.H., Bakeet, D.M., Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 1(1), 2006, 1-19] \\ [The black seed Nigella sativa Linnaeus-A mine for multi cures: a plea for urgent clinical evaluation of its volatile oil., El-Tahir, K.E.D.H., Bakeet, D.M., Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 1(1), 2006, 1-19] \\
 [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658361206700038]] [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658361206700038]]
 +
 +Gram negative bacteria like Haemophilus influenza, Klebsiella pnemoniae, and Proteus vulgaris were highly  sensitive against the essential oil of N.sativa. Main constituents of the oil analysed by GC-MS was trans-anethole (27.1%), thymoquinone (11.8%), p-cymene (9.0%), longifolene (5.7%), limonene (4.3%), carvacrol (3.7%), 2(1H)-naphthalenone (2.6%), α-thujene (2.4%) and carvone (2.0%). Minor constituents were estragole (1.9%), myristicin (1.4%), nerole (1.3), fenchone (1.1%), and sabinene (1.4%) e.g. \\
 +[GC-MS analysis of Nigella sativa seeds and antimicrobial activity of its volatile oil., Gerige, S.J., Gerige, M.K.Y., Rao, M., Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, Vol.52(5), 2009, 1189-1192] \\
 +[[http://www.scielo.br/pdf/babt/v52n5/v52n5a16.pdf]]
 +
 +"Olfactometric measurements taken for the analyzed samples revealed thymoquinone, p-cymene and carvacrol as the most important odorants in black cumin aroma." Highest FD values were found for thymoquinone (medicinal), carvacrol (petroleum-like), p-cymene (cardboard), carvone (mint-like, (R)(–)carvone 85-87%ee), linalool (flowery), limonene (citrus-like) and α-pinene (pine-like).\\
 +[Gas chromatography, sensory analysis and electronic nose in the evaluation of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) aroma quality., Zawirska-Wojtasiak, R., Mildner-Szkudlarz, S., Wasowicz, E., Pacynski, M., Herba Polonica, 56(4), 2010, 20-30] [[http://www.herbapolonica.pl/magazines-files/2733672-art.3.pdf]]
  
 "Hydroponically cultivated Nigella sativa L. plants treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) showed a twelve-fold increase in levels of the monodesmosidic triterpene saponins α-hederin and kalopanaxsaponin I (KsI) in the //leaves//. We will demonstrate that these two saponins accounted for approximately 10% of the dry plant matter, of which 93% was KsI and 7% α-hederin. To address the molecular basis of saponin induction by MeJA, we cloned and characterized the β-amyrin synthase gene (NsβAS1) encoding one of the key enzymes in triterpene saponin biosynthesis. As expected, NsβAS1 transcription was induced by MeJA and led to the production of β-amyrin when over-expressed in yeast." \\ "Hydroponically cultivated Nigella sativa L. plants treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) showed a twelve-fold increase in levels of the monodesmosidic triterpene saponins α-hederin and kalopanaxsaponin I (KsI) in the //leaves//. We will demonstrate that these two saponins accounted for approximately 10% of the dry plant matter, of which 93% was KsI and 7% α-hederin. To address the molecular basis of saponin induction by MeJA, we cloned and characterized the β-amyrin synthase gene (NsβAS1) encoding one of the key enzymes in triterpene saponin biosynthesis. As expected, NsβAS1 transcription was induced by MeJA and led to the production of β-amyrin when over-expressed in yeast." \\
 [Methyl jasmonate induced accumulation of kalopanaxsaponin I in Nigella sativa., Scholz, M., Lipinski, M., Leupold, M., Luftmann, H., Harig, L., Ofir, R., Müller, K.J., Phytochemistry, Vol.70(4), 2009, 517-522] [Methyl jasmonate induced accumulation of kalopanaxsaponin I in Nigella sativa., Scholz, M., Lipinski, M., Leupold, M., Luftmann, H., Harig, L., Ofir, R., Müller, K.J., Phytochemistry, Vol.70(4), 2009, 517-522]
 +
 +"The Canon of Medicine, refers to Nigella as the seed that stimulates the body's energy and helps recovery    from fatigue and dispiritedness. It is also included in the list of natural drugs of 'Tibb-e-Nabavi', or "Medicine of the Prophet (Muhammad)", according to the tradition "hold onto the use of the black seeds for  healing all diseases. In the Unani Tibb system of medicine, N.sativa is regarded as a valuable remedy for a  number of diseases. In the Indian system of medicine, the seeds are used as astringent, bitter, stimulant,     diuretic, emmenagogue, anthelmintic, jaundice, intermittent fever, dyspepsia, paralysis, piles and skin diseases..." \\
 +[Pharmacognosy and pharmacology of Nigella sativa-A review., Rajsekhar, S., Kuldeep, B., Int Res J Pharm, Vol.2(11), 2011, 36-9] \\
 +[[http://www.irjponline.com/admin/php/uploads/673_pdf.pdf]]
  
 "The constituents of Nigella sativa modulate the immune system... Data from 40 female RA patients diagnosed according to the 2010 ACR/EULAR were analysed and discussed. The patients took two placebo (starch filled) capsules daily for 1 month. This was followed by a month of Nigella sativa oil capsules 500mg twice/day. The disease activity score (DAS-28) significantly decreased after receiving the Nigella sativa capsules (4.55+-0.82) compared with before and after placebo (4.98+-0.79 and 4.99+-0.72, respectively) (p=0.017). Similarly, the number of swollen joints and the duration of morning stiffness improved. A marked improvement in the disease activity was shown by both the ACR20 and EULAR response criteria in 42.5% and 30% of the patients, respectively, after intake of Nigella. Supplementation with Nigella sativa during DMARD therapy in RA may be considered an affordable potential adjuvant biological therapy. \\ "The constituents of Nigella sativa modulate the immune system... Data from 40 female RA patients diagnosed according to the 2010 ACR/EULAR were analysed and discussed. The patients took two placebo (starch filled) capsules daily for 1 month. This was followed by a month of Nigella sativa oil capsules 500mg twice/day. The disease activity score (DAS-28) significantly decreased after receiving the Nigella sativa capsules (4.55+-0.82) compared with before and after placebo (4.98+-0.79 and 4.99+-0.72, respectively) (p=0.017). Similarly, the number of swollen joints and the duration of morning stiffness improved. A marked improvement in the disease activity was shown by both the ACR20 and EULAR response criteria in 42.5% and 30% of the patients, respectively, after intake of Nigella. Supplementation with Nigella sativa during DMARD therapy in RA may be considered an affordable potential adjuvant biological therapy. \\
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 [The protective effect of α-hederin, the active constituent of Nigella sativa, on tracheal responsiveness and lung inflammation in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs., Saadat, S., Mohammadi, M., Fallahi, M., Aslani, M. R., The Journal of Physiological Sciences, 2015, 1-8] [The protective effect of α-hederin, the active constituent of Nigella sativa, on tracheal responsiveness and lung inflammation in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs., Saadat, S., Mohammadi, M., Fallahi, M., Aslani, M. R., The Journal of Physiological Sciences, 2015, 1-8]
  
-{{:nigella.jpg?500}} \\+{{:nigella.jpg?600}} \\
 Nigella sativa (left); Köhler, F.E., Medizinal Pflanzen, vol.3, t.66 (1890) \\ Nigella sativa (left); Köhler, F.E., Medizinal Pflanzen, vol.3, t.66 (1890) \\
 [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=701477]]   [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=701477]]  
  
-{{:schwarzkuemmel.jpg?600}} \\ +{{:schwarzkuemmel.jpg?800}} \\ 
-black cumin dried fruits+dried black cumin seeds, [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]], Author: Andreas Kraska
nigella_sativa_l.txt · Zuletzt geändert: 2018/06/01 17:47 von andreas

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