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myristica_fragrans_houtt [2015/12/27 15:37] andreas |
myristica_fragrans_houtt [2021/03/11 23:27] andreas |
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"In addition to about 40 percent fatty oil (with the triglyceride of [[http:// | "In addition to about 40 percent fatty oil (with the triglyceride of [[http:// | ||
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+ | An extract of nutmeg (liquid CO2; 90 bar, 296K) contained fatty oils (36.4-57.4% with mainly saturated fatty acids, thereof myristic acid 40%) and essential oil. Major components of the essential oil fraction were sabinene (36.6%) β-pinene (10.1%), α-pinene (11.0 %), and myristicin (6.9%), with safrole (1.0%). \\ | ||
+ | [Extraction of essential oil and lipids from nutmeg by liquid carbon dioxide., Spricigo, C.B., Pinto, L.T., Bolzan, A., Novais, A.F., The Journal of supercritical fluids, 15(3), 253-259, 1999] | ||
"The essential oil is known to have spasmolytic activity and relieves stomach cramps and flatulence. The addictive and hallucinogenic effects are ascribed to myristicin and elemicin that are converted to amphetamin-like compounds [in the body]." | "The essential oil is known to have spasmolytic activity and relieves stomach cramps and flatulence. The addictive and hallucinogenic effects are ascribed to myristicin and elemicin that are converted to amphetamin-like compounds [in the body]." | ||
[Medicinal Plants of the World. Ben-Erik Van Wyk and Michael Wink, Pretoria 2004, 210] | [Medicinal Plants of the World. Ben-Erik Van Wyk and Michael Wink, Pretoria 2004, 210] | ||
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+ | "The essential oil content ranged from 3.9% (A9/116) to 16.5% (A9/18) (v Iw) in nutmeg and 6% (A9/107) to 26.1% (A9/18) in mace... Myristicin content ranged from 1.1 % (A9/20) to 45.6% (A11/21) in nutmeg oil and 0.21% (A9/13) to 36.6% (A4/117) in mace oil; the elemicin content ranged from 1.0% (A4/22) to 29.7% (A11/26) in nutmeg oil and 1.0% (A9 II) to 30.2 % (A4/12) in mace oil. Safrole content ranged from 0.1% (A9/11) to 22.1% (A9/13) in essential oil and 0.2% (A9 Ill) to 21.8% (A9/13) in mace oil." \\ | ||
+ | [Maya, K. M., T. John Zachariah, and B. Krishnamoorthy. " | ||
"An amount of 4.92 g of the essential oil was obtained from 100 g of nutmeg [three-hour hydrodistillation]. Major components of nutmeg oil are terpenes, terpene alcohols and phenolic ethers. The monoterpene hydrocarbons, | "An amount of 4.92 g of the essential oil was obtained from 100 g of nutmeg [three-hour hydrodistillation]. Major components of nutmeg oil are terpenes, terpene alcohols and phenolic ethers. The monoterpene hydrocarbons, | ||
- | The main aglycones of glycosidically bound volatiles identified in nutmeg are phenylpropanoids | + | The main aglycones of glycosidically bound volatiles identified in nutmeg are isoeugenol (46.1 %) and methoxyeugenol (27.7 %). \\ |
[Chemical composition and antioxidant effect of free volatile aglycones from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) compared to its essential oil., Jukić, M., Politeo, O., Miloš, M., Croatica chemica ACTA, 79(2), 2006, 209-214] [[http:// | [Chemical composition and antioxidant effect of free volatile aglycones from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) compared to its essential oil., Jukić, M., Politeo, O., Miloš, M., Croatica chemica ACTA, 79(2), 2006, 209-214] [[http:// | ||
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[Identification of compounds in the essential oil of nutmeg seeds (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) that inhibit locomotor activity in mice. Muchtaridi, Anas Subarnas , Anton Apriyantono, | [Identification of compounds in the essential oil of nutmeg seeds (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) that inhibit locomotor activity in mice. Muchtaridi, Anas Subarnas , Anton Apriyantono, | ||
- | {{myrapi.jpg|}} | + | |{{: |
- | " | + | " |
- | [Supercritical CO2 extraction of nutmeg oil: Experiments and modeling. Siti Machmudah, Anny Sulaswatty, Mitsuru Sasaki, Motonobu Goto, Tsutomu Hirose, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol.39 (1), 2006, 30–39] | + | [Supercritical CO2 extraction of nutmeg oil: Experiments and modeling. Siti Machmudah, Anny Sulaswatty, Mitsuru Sasaki, Motonobu Goto, Tsutomu Hirose, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol.39 (1), 2006, 30-39] |
- | The contamination | + | The quality description |
- | [Simultaneous multi-mycotoxin determination in nutmeg by ultrasound-assisted solid–liquid extraction and immunoaffinity column clean-up coupled with liquid chromatography and on-line post-column photochemical derivatization-fluorescence detection., Kong, W.J., Liu, S.Y., Qiu, F., Xiao, X.H., Yang, M.H., Analyst, 138(9), 2013, 2729-2739] | + | [Macis CO2-se Extrakt Typ Nr. 001.001, Flavex Corp. 2014] [[http:// |
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[Antiinflammatory effect of mace, aril of Myristica fragrans Houtt., and its active principles., | [Antiinflammatory effect of mace, aril of Myristica fragrans Houtt., and its active principles., | ||
- | {{: | + | The contamination of traded nutmeg with aflatoxins (AFs: AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) is a serious problem. Of 13 edible and medicinal nutmeg samples marketed in China, four were detected with contamination of AFs and one with ochratoxin A (OTA). "AFB1 was the most frequently found mycotoxin in 30.8% of nutmeg samples at contamination levels of 0.73–16.31 μg kg−1." |
+ | [Simultaneous multi-mycotoxin determination in nutmeg by ultrasound-assisted solid–liquid extraction and immunoaffinity column clean-up coupled with liquid chromatography and on-line post-column photochemical derivatization-fluorescence detection., Kong, W.J., Liu, S.Y., Qiu, F., Xiao, X.H., Yang, M.H., Analyst, 138(9), 2013, 2729-2739] | ||
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Kohl,F.G., Die officinellen Pflanzen der Pharmacopoea Germanica, t.42 (1891-1895) \\ | Kohl,F.G., Die officinellen Pflanzen der Pharmacopoea Germanica, t.42 (1891-1895) \\ | ||
[[http:// | [[http:// | ||
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+ | {{myristica_fragrans2.jpg}} \\ | ||
+ | Myrista fragrans, ripe fruit \\ | ||
+ | [[https:// |