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gaultheria_procumbens_l [2015/07/17 13:56]
andreas 		gaultheria_procumbens_l [2018/11/03 10:45]
andreas
Zeile 6: Zeile 6:
 "The fruits of G. procumbens, considered its actual "teaberries," are edible, with a taste similar to Candy Hearts and the leaves and branches make a fine herbal tea, through normal drying and infusion process. For the leaves to yield significant amounts of their essential oil, they need to be fermented for at least 3 days." \\ "The fruits of G. procumbens, considered its actual "teaberries," are edible, with a taste similar to Candy Hearts and the leaves and branches make a fine herbal tea, through normal drying and infusion process. For the leaves to yield significant amounts of their essential oil, they need to be fermented for at least 3 days." \\
 [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaultheria_procumbens]] [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaultheria_procumbens]]
 +
 +In G.procumbens, a major part of methyl salicylate is bound to sugars, especially to the disaccharide primeverose (6-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-d-glucose) to form gaultherin (26mg/g plant fresh weight). Gaultherin is enzymatically hydrolyzed upon tissue disruption and methyl salicylate is released as a protective mechanism for the plant. Total salicylate content of wintergreen tissues were found (mg/g fresh weight): leaves (3.8), flowers (6.4), stems (2.2), and berries (1.4). \\
 +[Ribnicky, David, Alexander Poulev, and Ilya Raskin. "Recovery of gaultherin from plants." U.S. Patent Application No. 09/887,766. (2002)]
  
 Decoctions of the leaves and the essential oil are used in traditional medicine "... externally as a counterirritant to treat painful muscles and joints, including rheumatism. Infusions, decoctions or small amounts of the oil are rarely taken internally, as tonic, to treat rheumatism and to relieve minor stomach upsets. Canadian Natives traditionally made a refreshing tea from the leaves... [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1008471.html|methyl salicylate]]... has a very characteristic smell and a sweetish taste. Nowadays, synthetic methyl salicylate has largely replaced the natural product... [in oinments to treat rheumatism eg.]" \\ Decoctions of the leaves and the essential oil are used in traditional medicine "... externally as a counterirritant to treat painful muscles and joints, including rheumatism. Infusions, decoctions or small amounts of the oil are rarely taken internally, as tonic, to treat rheumatism and to relieve minor stomach upsets. Canadian Natives traditionally made a refreshing tea from the leaves... [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1008471.html|methyl salicylate]]... has a very characteristic smell and a sweetish taste. Nowadays, synthetic methyl salicylate has largely replaced the natural product... [in oinments to treat rheumatism eg.]" \\
Zeile 15: Zeile 18:
 [Chemical composition and biological activity of Gaultheria procumbens L. essential oil., Nikolić, M., Marković, T., Mojović, M., Pejin, B., Savić, A., Perić, T., Soković, M., Industrial Crops and Products, 49, 2013, 561-567] [Chemical composition and biological activity of Gaultheria procumbens L. essential oil., Nikolić, M., Marković, T., Mojović, M., Pejin, B., Savić, A., Perić, T., Soković, M., Industrial Crops and Products, 49, 2013, 561-567]
  
-{{:gaultheria_procumbens.jpg?500}} \\+Methyl salicylate is also the main component of the leaf oil of Gaultheria fragrantissima (94.6-97.0%) and Gaultheria yunnanensis (99%). A minor component is eg. ethyl salicylate, especially in G.fragrantissima (5.3%). \\ 
 +[Gaultheria: Phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics., Liu, W.R., Qiao, W. L., Liu, Z.Z., Wang, X.H., Jiang, R., Li, S.Y., She, G.M., Molecules, 18(10), 2013, 12071-12108] [[http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/18/10/12071]] 
 + 
 +Main component of the hydrodistilled (with cohobation, continuous re-injection of the hydrosol into the still) essential oil of freshly mazerated stems and leaves of G.procumbens (collected in the Canadian boreal forest) was methyl salicylate (98.7%). A minor component was ethyl salicylate (0.5%). \\ 
 +"When we collected the essential oil and during a subsequent olfactory evaluation, we did not notice an odor very different from those of commercial batches we use to analyse but surprisingly, when we opened the still lid, we got a strong coconut scent emanating from the distilled plant. This observation stayed outstanding until the analyses when we identified some uncommon compounds in the essential oil and the hydrosol." \\ 
 +The essential oil contained tuberolactone (0.15%) and massoia lactone (0.08%). The hydrosol contained mainly methyl salicylate (~270mg/l), but also e.g. (E)-cinnamyl alcohol 2.8mg/l, tuberolactone (2.0mg/l) and massoia lactone (0.3mg/l). \\ 
 +[[https://www.phytochemia.com/en/2018/07/03/about-canadian-wintergreen/]] 
 + 
 +{{:gaultheria_procumbens.jpg?600}} \\
 Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, vol.45 t.1966 (1818) \\ Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, vol.45 t.1966 (1818) \\
 [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=455570]] [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=455570]]
  
  
 +{{https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Gaultheria_procumbens_6zz.jpg}} \\
 +Gaultheria procumbens L. at North Carolina Arboretum, Asheville, NC.; author: David J. Stang \\
 +[[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/]] [[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gaultheria_procumbens_6zz.jpg|Wikimedia Commons]]
gaultheria_procumbens_l.txt · Zuletzt geändert: 2019/01/03 18:06 von andreas

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