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 Tree up to 10m high, native to western North America.
-"Parts used: Dried trnkand stem bark (Rhamni purshiani cortex). Fresh bark tends to cause nausea and griping, so it is stored for one year (or artificially aged) before use. Therapeutic category: Stimulant laxative. Active ingredients: The dry bark contains 6-9% hydroxyanthraquinone glycosides, the bulk of which is made up of O-glycosides of aloeemodin, chrysophanol and emodin or C-glycoside, so-called [[http://www.znaturforsch.com/ac/v29c/29c0444.pdf|cascarosides A,B,C, and D]]; also aloin A,B." \\
+"The dried bark of cascara has been used for centuries as an herbal laxative – first by Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest, and then later by European/U.S. colonizers." [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhamnus_purshiana]]
+"Parts used: Dried trunk and stem bark (Rhamni purshiani cortex). Fresh bark tends to cause nausea and griping, so it is stored for one year (or artificially aged) before use. Therapeutic category: Stimulant laxative. Active ingredients: The dry bark contains 6-9% hydroxyanthraquinone glycosides, the bulk of which is made up of O-glycosides of aloeemodin, chrysophanol and emodin or C-glycosides, so-called [[http://www.znaturforsch.com/ac/v29c/29c0444.pdf|cascarosides A,B,C, and D]]; also aloin A,B." \\
 [Medicinal Plants of the World. Ben-Erik Van Wyk and Michael Wink, Pretoria 2004, 269]
 {{https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Rhamnus_purshiana_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-121.jpg}}

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