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crataegus_spec [2015/05/30 12:05]
andreas |
crataegus_spec [2017/07/01 12:08]
andreas |
| Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC.(Crataegus oxyacantha auct.), and Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand. (syn.Crataegus oxyacantha L.) - Rosaceae - hawthorn, **Weißdorn** | Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC.(Crataegus oxyacantha auct.), and Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand. (syn.Crataegus oxyacantha L.) - Rosaceae - hawthorn, **Weißdorn** |
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| Deciduous shrubs or small trees, native to the northern hemisphere. Dry-extract of hawthorn leaf with blossom is used to treat decreasing cardic output. | Deciduous shrubs or small trees, native to the northern hemisphere; flowers with characteristic scent mixture (soapy, amine-like, almond-like).\\ |
| | Dry-extracts of hawthorn leaves with blossoms are used to treat decreasing cardic output. |
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| "Several species of hawthorn have been used in traditional medicine, and there is considerable interest in testing hawthorn products for evidence-based medicine. The products being tested are often derived from C. monogyna, C. laevigata, or related Crataegus species, "collectively known as hawthorn", not necessarily distinguishing between these species, which are very similar in appearance." \\ | "Several species of hawthorn have been used in traditional medicine, and there is considerable interest in testing hawthorn products for evidence-based medicine. The products being tested are often derived from C. monogyna, C. laevigata, or related Crataegus species, "collectively known as hawthorn", not necessarily distinguishing between these species, which are very similar in appearance." \\ |
| [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crataegus]] | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crataegus]] |
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| "Ingredients are oligomeric procyanidins (OPC), glycosidic flavones as vitexin and vitexin rhamnosid and glycosidic flavonols such as rutin and hyperoside; tannins are also found at a level of 0.5 to 1%. \\ | "Ingredients are oligomeric procyanidins (OPC), glycosidic flavones as vitexin and vitexin rhamnosid and glycosidic flavonols such as rutin and hyperoside; tannins are also found at a level of 0.5 to 1%... Main indication is chronic myocardial insufficiency with resulting low blood pressure in stages I and II as defined by the New York Heart Association (NYHA)." \\ |
| Main indication is chronic myocardial insufficiency with resulting low blood pressure in stages I and II as defined by the New York Heart Association (NYHA)." \\ | |
| [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crataegus]] | [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crataegus]] |
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| [A comparison of the flower volatiles from hawthorn and four raspberry cultivars G.W. Robertson, D.W. Griffiths, J.A.T. Woodford, A.N.E. Birch, J.A. Picketa, L.J. Wadhamsa, Phytochemistry Volume 33, Issue 5, 23 July 1993, Pages 1047–1053] | [A comparison of the flower volatiles from hawthorn and four raspberry cultivars G.W. Robertson, D.W. Griffiths, J.A.T. Woodford, A.N.E. Birch, J.A. Picketa, L.J. Wadhamsa, Phytochemistry Volume 33, Issue 5, 23 July 1993, Pages 1047–1053] |
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| GC-MS analysis of volatile odor-determining substances of hawthorn tincture showed 3-hexene-1-ol, eugenol, diethyl succinate, tiglic acid and citric acid. \\ | The main fragrant volatile components in hawthorn tincture were 3-hexen-1-ol, eugenol, [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1421041.html|diethyl malate]], tiglic acid and citric acid. \\ |
| [Analysis of volatile fragrant components in hawthorn tincture by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Zhu X, Lü C, Gao Y, Tobacco Research Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China. | [Analysis of volatile fragrant components in hawthorn tincture by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry., Zhu X, Lü C, Gao Y, Tobacco Research Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China. |
| Wei Sheng yan jiu = Journal of Hygiene Research (2004, 33(1):108-110)]. | Wei Sheng yan jiu = Journal of Hygiene Research (2004, 33(1):108-110)]. |
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| [The effect of Crataegus oxycantha special extract WS 1442 on clinical progression in patients with mild to moderate symptoms of heart failure., Zick, S.M., Gillespie, B., Aaronson, K.D., European journal of heart failure, Vol.10(6), 2008, 587-593] \\ | [The effect of Crataegus oxycantha special extract WS 1442 on clinical progression in patients with mild to moderate symptoms of heart failure., Zick, S.M., Gillespie, B., Aaronson, K.D., European journal of heart failure, Vol.10(6), 2008, 587-593] \\ |
| [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2577845/]] | [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2577845/]] |
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| | "In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study, adults with NYHA class II or III CHF and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF≤35%) were included and received 900 mg/day WS® 1442 or placebo for 24 months. Primary endpoint was time until first cardiac event. Results: 2681 patients (WS® 1442: 1338; placebo: 1343) were randomised. Average time to first cardiac event was 620 days for WS® 1442 and 606 days for placebo (event rates: 27.9% and 28.9%, hazard ratio (HR): 0.95, 95% CI [0.82;1.10]; p=0.476). The trend for cardiac mortality reduction with WS® 1442 (9.7% at month 24; HR: 0.89 [0.73;1.09]) was not statistically significant (p=0.269). In the subgroup with LVEF ≥ 25%, WS® 1442 reduced sudden cardiac death by 39.7% (HR 0.59 [0.37;0.94] at month 24; p=0.025). Adverse events were comparable in both groups. \\ |
| | Conclusions: In this study, WS® 1442 had no significant effect on the primary endpoint. WS® 1442 was safe to use in patients receiving optimal medication for heart failure. In addition, the data may indicate that WS® 1442 can potentially reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death, at least in patients with less compromised left ventricular function." \\ |
| | [The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS® 1442 in patients with heart failure: The SPICE trial., Holubarsch, C.J., Colucci, W.S., Meinertz, T., Gaus, W., Tendera, M., European journal of heart failure, Vol.10(12), 2008, 1255-1263] \\ |
| | [[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.10.004/full]] |
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| "Crataegus extract... WS 1442 has been demonstrated to increase thickness and reduce stiffness of the endothelial inner surface layer (the glycocalix), a sensor of blood-flow induced shear stress and modulator of endothelial NO-synthesis. The extract activates endothelial and red blood cell NO-synthase, increases endothelial NO-release and improves endothelium-dependent arterial function in animal models of aging and hypertension. The vascular effects are strongly related to the high content of oligomeric procyanidins in the extract. In addition, WS 1442 increases cardiac muscle force of contraction via an ATP-independent mechanism, has shown positive effects on remodelling in animal models of increased afterload and increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial density and fibre diameter. It has not been determined to what extent the reported vascular, cardiac and skeletal muscular effects contribute to the clinical benefit in heart failure patients... WS 1442 improved T2km (-12.7% vs. -8.4%, p = 0.019), tended to improve symptoms and to pronounce SO2-decrease with increasing exercise, an indicator of oxygen utilisation. Endurance training and WS 1442 were safe and well tolerated in combination with standard drug treatment. " \\ | "Crataegus extract... WS 1442 has been demonstrated to increase thickness and reduce stiffness of the endothelial inner surface layer (the glycocalix), a sensor of blood-flow induced shear stress and modulator of endothelial NO-synthesis. The extract activates endothelial and red blood cell NO-synthase, increases endothelial NO-release and improves endothelium-dependent arterial function in animal models of aging and hypertension. The vascular effects are strongly related to the high content of oligomeric procyanidins in the extract. In addition, WS 1442 increases cardiac muscle force of contraction via an ATP-independent mechanism, has shown positive effects on remodelling in animal models of increased afterload and increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial density and fibre diameter. It has not been determined to what extent the reported vascular, cardiac and skeletal muscular effects contribute to the clinical benefit in heart failure patients... WS 1442 improved T2km (-12.7% vs. -8.4%, p = 0.019), tended to improve symptoms and to pronounce SO2-decrease with increasing exercise, an indicator of oxygen utilisation. Endurance training and WS 1442 were safe and well tolerated in combination with standard drug treatment. " \\ |
| Klein,L., Unsere Waldbäume, Sträucher und Zwergholzgewächse, t.55 (1839) [M.Schrödter] \\ | Klein,L., Unsere Waldbäume, Sträucher und Zwergholzgewächse, t.55 (1839) [M.Schrödter] \\ |
| [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=284901]] | [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=284901]] |
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| | {{:weissdorn.jpg?800}} \\ |
| | Crataegus laevigata flowers, [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]], author: Andreas Kraska |
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| | {{http://www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at/Bilder/Lumix_90/P1300949.JPG?800}} \\ |
| | Crataegus monogyna (subsp. monogyna), Wien 2017; author: Rolf Marschner, |
| | [[http://botanische-spaziergaenge.at/viewtopic.php?f=573&t=4660| www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at]] |
