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citrus_x_aurantium_l [2015/12/10 16:41] andreas |
citrus_x_aurantium_l [2018/08/02 10:46] andreas |
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bitter orange, sour orange, bigarade, seville orange, **Pomeranze**, | bitter orange, sour orange, bigarade, seville orange, **Pomeranze**, | ||
- | Bitter orange peel oils exhibited | + | Bitter orange peel oils exhibited a very high content of limonene (87.6-95.1%). The minor components |
- | compounds were inevitably present at low contents. Among them, β-pinene (tr-2.4%), myrcene (1.3-1.8%), | + | [Chemical variability of peel and leaf essential oils of sour orange. Marie-Laure Lota, Dominique de Rocca Serra, Camille Jacquemond, Felix Tomi, Joseph Casanova, Flavour Fragr. J. 2001; 16: 89-96] |
- | linalool (tr-1.5%), linalyl acetate (0-3.9%), α-pinene (0-0.6%) were identified | + | |
- | [Chemical variability of peel and leaf essential oils of sour orange. Marie-Laure Lota, Dominique de Rocca Serra, Camille Jacquemond, Felix Tomi, Joseph Casanova, Flavour Fragr. J. 2001; 16: 89–96] | + | "... dividing the concentration (ppm) by the threshold (ppm) for bitter orange [peel oil], it can be seen that the most important odour characters in the oil are octanal, decanal, linalool, nonanal and linalyl acetate... the odour characters of petitgrain and neroli are obviously linalool and linalyl acetate; however, the odour character of lesser importance in these oils are nonanal, α-terpineol, |
+ | [Swift, Karl AD, ed. Advances in flavours and fragrances: From the sensation to the synthesis. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2007, 79-80] | ||
**Neroli** oil is the essential oil steam distilled from the flowers of C. x aurantium. \\ | **Neroli** oil is the essential oil steam distilled from the flowers of C. x aurantium. \\ | ||
- | "Main volatile constituents are linalool, nerolidol and farnesol. Etymology: It. neroli, from the French-born Anna Maria de la Trémoille (1670-1722), | + | "Main volatile constituents are linalool, nerolidol and farnesol. Etymology: It. neroli, from the French-born Anna Maria de la Trémoille (1670-1722), |
- | "The major compounds within the hydrolate obtained in the laboratory were geraniol (26.6%), α-terpineol (20.7%), linalool (15.4%) and benzene acetaldehyde (5.5%). Linalool (44.1%), methyl anthranilate (11.8%) and cis-linalool oxide (6.1%) were found in high percentages in the Hydrolate from the obtained traditional sample. 1,8-Cineol (15.9%), linalool (13.8%) and α-terpineol (6.6%) were more than other constituents in the industrially obtained hydrolate." | + | "As most synthetic linalool contains dihydrolinalool (0.5-2.0%), this impurity can be used to determine adulteration of neroli oil with synthetic linalool. Frey (1988) showed that using the selective ion monitoring mode in GC/MS he could detect down to 50 ppm of dihydrolinalool in neroli oil, which corresponds to the addition of 0.5-1.0% synthetic linalool in the oil... Konig et al. (1992) proved through chiral GC analysis that the (R)-(-)-linalool enantiomer was predominant in neroli oil. They also found that (S)-(+)-(E)-nerolidol |
+ | was the main (>98%) enantiomer found in this same oil" \\ | ||
+ | [Lawrence, Brian M. " | ||
+ | |||
+ | "The major compounds within the hydrolate | ||
[GC/MS Analysis of Citrus aurantium L. Hydrolate and its Comparison | [GC/MS Analysis of Citrus aurantium L. Hydrolate and its Comparison | ||
with the Commercial Samples. Hamid Reza Monsef-Esfahani, | with the Commercial Samples. Hamid Reza Monsef-Esfahani, | ||
- | Hajimehdipour, | + | Hajimehdipour, |
- | "The combination of these two sesquiterpene alcohols [(+)-(E)-nerolidol 3% and (E, | + | | {{: |
+ | |||
+ | "The combination of these two sesquiterpene alcohols [(+)-(E)-nerolidol 3% and (E, | ||
[Scent and Chemistry, Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, | [Scent and Chemistry, Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, | ||
- | Neroli oil showed a remarkable antibacterial activity especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a very strong antifungal activity, comparable to Nystatin. Main components of the oil were limonene (27.5%), (E)-nerolidol (17.5%), α-terpineol (14%), α-terpinyl acetate (11.7%) and (E, | + | Neroli oil showed a remarkable antibacterial activity especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a very strong antifungal activity, comparable to nystatin (which was used as standard). Main components of the oil were limonene (27.5%), (E)-nerolidol (17.5%), α-terpineol (14%), α-terpinyl acetate (11.7%) and (E, |
[Chemical Composition and in vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Citrus aurantium L. Flowers Essential Oil (Neroli Oil), Haj Ammar, A. Lebrihi, F. Mathieu, M. Romdhane, F. Zagrouba, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(21), 2012, 1034-1040] [[http:// | [Chemical Composition and in vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Citrus aurantium L. Flowers Essential Oil (Neroli Oil), Haj Ammar, A. Lebrihi, F. Mathieu, M. Romdhane, F. Zagrouba, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(21), 2012, 1034-1040] [[http:// | ||
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[Italian Citrus Petitgrain Oils. Part I. Composition of Bitter Orange Petitgrain Oil. Luigi Mondello, Giovanni Dugo, Paola Dugo, Keith D. Bartle, Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol.8 (6) 1996, 597-609] | [Italian Citrus Petitgrain Oils. Part I. Composition of Bitter Orange Petitgrain Oil. Luigi Mondello, Giovanni Dugo, Paola Dugo, Keith D. Bartle, Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol.8 (6) 1996, 597-609] | ||
- | "In addition to linalool, the other important alcohols are geraniol (2.5%), nerol (0.4%), α-terpineol (5.6%), (+)-(R, | + | Enantiomerically pure or nearly pure (R)(-)-linalyl acetate was detected in petitgrain oil of Citrus aurantium L. using a chiral capillary column. \\ |
+ | [Ravid, Uzi, Eli Putievsky, and Irena Katzir. " | ||
+ | [Dugo, Giovanni, et al. " | ||
+ | |||
+ | | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | "In addition to linalool, the other important alcohols are geraniol (2.5%), nerol (0.4%), α-terpineol (5.6%), (+)-(R, | ||
Another important constituent is 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine with its typical galbanum-like, | Another important constituent is 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine with its typical galbanum-like, | ||
[Scent and Chemistry, Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, | [Scent and Chemistry, Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, |