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brassica_napus_l [2015/05/08 22:49]
andreas |
brassica_napus_l [2022/05/02 12:09]
andreas |
| "Brassica napus is one of the most important sources of seed vegetable oil. The seed oil is also used in the manufacture of lubricants, grease, lacquers, varnishes, soap, resins, nylon, plastics, insect repellents, stabilizers, and pharmaceuticals. The green parts and fleshy roots are eaten as vegetables." \\ | "Brassica napus is one of the most important sources of seed vegetable oil. The seed oil is also used in the manufacture of lubricants, grease, lacquers, varnishes, soap, resins, nylon, plastics, insect repellents, stabilizers, and pharmaceuticals. The green parts and fleshy roots are eaten as vegetables." \\ |
| [[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200009263]] | [[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200009263]] |
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| | "The glucosinolate content of three fodder kales, one fodder rape, one semi-artificial rape and one radicole were determined. The major glucosinolates (mmol kg−1 dry matter) were: in kale leaf, glucobrassicin (3.21) and sinigrin (3.12); in kale stem, sinigrin (5.82); in rape leaf, gluconapin (3.14) and progoitrin (13.99); in rape stem, gluconapin (3.29) and progoitrin (20.18); in semi-artificial rape leaf, gluconapin (25.64) and progoitrin (9.00); in semi-artificial rape stem, gluconapin (35.33) and progoitrin (12.08); in radicole leaf, progoitrin (4.74) and glucobrassicin (3.28); and in radicole stem, gluconapin (3.26) and progoitrin (5.53)." \\ |
| | [The glucosinolate content of the leaf and stem of fodder kale (Brassica oleracea L.), Rape (Brassica napus L.) and radicole (Raphanobrassica)., Bradshaw, J.E., Heaney, R.K., Fenwick, G.R., McNaughton, I.H., Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Vol.34(6), 1984, 571-575] |
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| "Volatile organic compounds emitted by growing intact oilseed rape plants have been detected using an entrainment apparatus enabling volatile headspace analysis by thermal desorption coupled to capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, 22 volatile compounds were identified as being emitted during the flowering period. The main constituents were α-farnesene (a sesquiterpene); β-myrcene (a monoterpene); linalool (a monoterpene alcohol) and the ‘green leaf’ volatile (E)-3-hexen-1-ol acetate. These compounds constituted between 50 and 87% (mean 68%) of the total volatiles emitted in all of the entrainments carried out with flowering oilseed rape plants. The remaining constituents consisted of a range of compounds including other terpenoids, the characteristic ‘green leaf’ volatile (E)-3-hexen-1-ol, short chain alcohols and ketones, organic sulphides and nitrogen-containing compounds. These were generally present as minor constituents but some plant entrainments revealed that higher relative amounts could be emitted. This was particularly apparent for dimethyl disulphide, 3-methyl-2-pentanone, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone =[[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1007331.html|acetoin]], sabinene, isomyrcenol and (E)-3-hexen-1-ol. The possible role of the 22 compounds in respiratory mucosa and conjunctiva irritation associated with airborne releases from oilseed rape is discussed." \\ | "Volatile organic compounds emitted by growing intact oilseed rape plants have been detected using an entrainment apparatus enabling volatile headspace analysis by thermal desorption coupled to capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, 22 volatile compounds were identified as being emitted during the flowering period. The main constituents were α-farnesene (a sesquiterpene); β-myrcene (a monoterpene); linalool (a monoterpene alcohol) and the ‘green leaf’ volatile (E)-3-hexen-1-ol acetate. These compounds constituted between 50 and 87% (mean 68%) of the total volatiles emitted in all of the entrainments carried out with flowering oilseed rape plants. The remaining constituents consisted of a range of compounds including other terpenoids, the characteristic ‘green leaf’ volatile (E)-3-hexen-1-ol, short chain alcohols and ketones, organic sulphides and nitrogen-containing compounds. These were generally present as minor constituents but some plant entrainments revealed that higher relative amounts could be emitted. This was particularly apparent for dimethyl disulphide, 3-methyl-2-pentanone, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone =[[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1007331.html|acetoin]], sabinene, isomyrcenol and (E)-3-hexen-1-ol. The possible role of the 22 compounds in respiratory mucosa and conjunctiva irritation associated with airborne releases from oilseed rape is discussed." \\ |
| [Identification of floral volatiles involved in recognition of oilseed rape flowers, Brassica napus by honeybees, Apis mellifera., Blight, M.M., Le Métayer, M., Delègue, M.H.P., Pickett, J.A., Marion-Poll, F., Wadhams, L.J., Journal of chemical ecology, Vol.23(7), 1997, 1715-1727] | [Identification of floral volatiles involved in recognition of oilseed rape flowers, Brassica napus by honeybees, Apis mellifera., Blight, M.M., Le Métayer, M., Delègue, M.H.P., Pickett, J.A., Marion-Poll, F., Wadhams, L.J., Journal of chemical ecology, Vol.23(7), 1997, 1715-1727] |
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| "The major constituents identified were the monoterpenes limonene, sabinene, β-myrcene, and cis-3-hexen-1-ol acetate, a ‘green leaf’ volatile. The minor constituents included monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, short chain aldehydes and ketones, other ‘green leaf’ volatiles and organic sulphides including the respiratory irritant, dimethyl disulphide." \\ | During its flowering season, oilseed rape has been associated by rural dwellers with seasonal symptoms, such as sneezing, coughing, headache and eye irritation. Headspace analysis under field conditions showed the main volatile organic compounds emitted in the field were limonene, sabinene, β-myrcene, and cis-3-hexen-1-ol acetate. Minor components included short chain aldehydes and ketones, other ‘green leaf’ volatiles and organic sulphides including the respiratory irritant, dimethyl disulphide. \\ |
| [Identification of volatile organic compounds emitted in the field by oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) over the growing season., Smith, M., Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Vol.28(3), 1998, 332-338] | [Identification of volatile organic compounds emitted in the field by oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) over the growing season., Smith, M., Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Vol.28(3), 1998, 332-338] |
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| {{:brassica_napus.jpg?500}} \\ | Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) of the volatile fraction isolated from unifloral rape honey showed 28 odor-active compounds. "The highest FD factors were found for (E)-β-damascenone (cooked apple-like), phenylacetic acid (honey-like), 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (aniseed-like), 3-phenylpropanoic acid (flowery, waxy), and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (clove-like)... The highest OAVs were calculated for (E)-β-damascenone, 3-phenylpropanoic acid, phenylacetic acid, dimethyl trisulfide, and phenylacetaldehyde... A model mixture containing the 12 odorants showing an OAV ≥ 1 at the same concentrations as they occurred in the rape honey was able to mimick the aroma impression of the original honey. The characterization of the key odorants in rape flowers from the same field suggested 3-phenylpropanoic acid, phenylacetic acid, and three further odorants to be transferred via the bees into the honey." \\ |
| | Most important odor-active compounds of the flowers itself were (FD factors): (Z)-3-hexenal (2048), phenylacetaldehyde (512), phenylacetic acid (512), 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (256), dimethyl trisulfide (256), 2-/3-methylbutanaoic acid (256), anisaldehyde (256), indole (256), methional (128), 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (128), trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal (128), (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one (64), acetic acid (64), eugenol (64), and 3-phenylpropionic acid (16). \\ |
| | [Ruisinger, Brigitte, and Peter Schieberle. "Characterization of the key aroma compounds in rape honey by means of the molecular sensory science concept." Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 60.17 (2012): 4186-4194] |
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| | "Heat-processing of Brassica seeds led to the formation of a characteristic pleasant popcorn-like and coffee-like aroma impression compared to the mainly pea-like aroma of the corresponding raw seeds." \\ |
| | Among the volatiles, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea-like) and 4-ethenyl-2-methoxyphenol (clove-like, smoky) showed high FD factors in raw seeds. 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one (caramel-like), 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine (earthy), dimethyl trisulfide (cabbage-like), and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (popcorn-like) showed high flavor dilution (FD) factors in roasted seeds. \\ |
| | [Ortner, Eva, Michael Granvogl, and Peter Schieberle. "Elucidation of thermally induced changes in key odorants of white mustard seeds (Sinapis alba L.) and rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.) using molecular sensory science." Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 64.43 (2016): 8179-8190] |
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| | {{:brassica_napus.jpg?600}} \\ |
| Masclef,A., Atlas des plantes de France, vol.2, t.28 (1890) \\ | Masclef,A., Atlas des plantes de France, vol.2, t.28 (1890) \\ |
| [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=156079]] | [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=156079]] |
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| | {{http://www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at/Bilder/Lumix_3/P1140372.JPG}} \\ |
| | Brassica napus subsp. napus \\ © Rolf Marschner (2009), |
| | [[http://botanische-spaziergaenge.at/viewtopic.php?f=463&t=1721| www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at]] |
