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acorus_calamus_l [2017/04/02 10:43]
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acorus_calamus_l [2017/04/02 10:55]
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| **Acorus calamus rhizome**, Calamus: The dried rhizome and also the calamus oil are ancient remedies against gastro-intestinal disorders. The drug was introduced to Europe in the 16th century, coming from India. The rhizome is cutted into pieces after cleaning and dried at moderate temperatures (up to 35 deg.). Sometimes it is peeled before drying. Calamus has an aromatic odor, it tastes spicy, pungent and bitter. \\ | **Acorus calamus rhizome**, Calamus: The dried rhizome and also the calamus oil are ancient remedies against gastro-intestinal disorders. The drug was introduced to Europe in the 16th century, coming from India. The rhizome is cutted into pieces after cleaning and dried at moderate temperatures (up to 35 deg.). Sometimes it is peeled before drying. Calamus has an aromatic odor, it tastes spicy, pungent and bitter. \\ |
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| Constituents. Volatile oil (1-5%, tetraploids also more) with more or less β-asarone, ranging from 0-82%, [CRC; Wichtl; Keller K, Stahl E, DAZ 122,(1982), 2463; Keller K, Stahl E, Planta Med 47,(1983), 71; Stahl E, Keller K, Planta Med 43,(1981), 128 ] , or isoeugenol methyl ether as the main constituents, also the sesquiterpenes calamendiol and isocalamendiol. As mentioned above, the occurence of beta-asarone depends on the variety of calamus and is of great importance to users, as possible carcinogenic effects of the substance in man can not be excluded. [! Li M, Jiang Z, Variations of the essential oils in Acorus calamus L. and their major constituents, Zhongguo Zhonqyao Zazhi 19(5), (1994), pp.274-6) - also showing June to best the best season for A. calamus cropping]. \\ | Constituents. Volatile oil (1-5%, tetraploids also more) with more or less β-asarone, ranging from 0-82%, [CRC; Wichtl; Keller K, Stahl E, DAZ 122,(1982), 2463; Keller K, Stahl E, Planta Med 47,(1983), 71; Stahl E, Keller K, Planta Med 43,(1981), 128 ], or isoeugenol methyl ether as the main constituents, also the sesquiterpenes calamendiol and isocalamendiol. As mentioned above, the occurence of beta-asarone depends on the variety of calamus and is of great importance to users, as possible carcinogenic effects of the substance in man can not be excluded. [! Li M, Jiang Z, Variations of the essential oils in Acorus calamus L. and their major constituents, Zhongguo Zhonqyao Zazhi 19(5), (1994), pp.274-6) - also showing June to best the best season for A. calamus cropping]. \\ |
| Furthermore: tannine, bitter principles (acorone, isoacorone [and Kryptoacoron], as well as the glycoside acorine) and mucilage. \\ | Furthermore: tannine, bitter principles (acorone, isoacorone [and Kryptoacoron], as well as the glycoside acorine) and mucilage. \\ |
| Indian scientists reported the isolation of acoradin, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxybenzoquinone, galangin and sitosterol from A. calamus root rhizomes. [Patra A, Mitra AK, Constituents of Acorus calamus L., Indian J. Chem., Sect.B 17B(4), (1979), pp.412-14] \\ | Indian scientists reported the isolation of acoradin, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxybenzoquinone, galangin and sitosterol from A. calamus root rhizomes. [Patra A, Mitra AK, Constituents of Acorus calamus L., Indian J. Chem., Sect.B 17B(4), (1979), pp.412-14] \\ |
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| The steam distilled oil from Acorus calamus (yield 1.5-4.8%) owns a "...peculiar but pleasant, slightly sweetish, fatty odour reminescent of stale milk." A fraction of the oil (124-150°C/5 torr) contained sevral saturated and unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes C6-C10 and aromatic aldehydes like cuminic aldehyde, anisic aldehyde, and cyclocitral. Of the decadienals found, (Z,Z)-4,7-decadienal (500ppm, odour threshold 4.2ppb) showed an odour most reminescent of calamus oil. | The steam distilled oil from Acorus calamus (yield 1.5-4.8%) owns a "...peculiar but pleasant, slightly sweetish, fatty odour reminescent of stale milk." A fraction of the oil (124-150°C/5 torr) contained several saturated and unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes C6-C10 and aromatic aldehydes like cuminic aldehyde, anisic aldehyde, and β-cyclocitral e.g. Of the decadienals found, (Z,Z)-4,7-decadienal (500ppm, odour threshold 4.2ppb) showed an odour most reminescent of calamus oil. \\ |
| [Isolation and synthesis of (Z,Z)-4,7-decadienal, the character impact compound in the oil of Acorus calamus L., van Lier, F.P., van der Linde, L.M., van der Weerdt, A.J.A., Progress in essential oil research., 1986, 215-225] | [Isolation and synthesis of (Z,Z)-4,7-decadienal, the character impact compound in the oil of Acorus calamus L., van Lier, F.P., van der Linde, L.M., van der Weerdt, A.J.A., Progress in essential oil research., 1986, 215-225] |
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